A Study on an Anti-Multiple Periodic Frequency Modulation (PFM) Interference Algorithm in Single-Antenna Low-Earth-Orbit Signal-of-Opportunity Positioning Systems

Signal-of-Opportunity (SOP) positioning based on Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) constellations has gradually become a research hotspot. Due to their large quantity, wide spectral coverage, and strong signal power, LEO satellite SOP positioning exhibits robust anti-jamming capabilities. However, no in-depth s...

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Main Authors: Lihao Yao, Honglei Qin, Hao Xu, Deyong Xian, Donghan He, Boyun Gu, Hai Sha, Yunchao Zou, Huichao Zhou, Nan Xu, Jiemin Shen, Zhijun Liu, Feiqiang Chen, Chunjiang Ma, Xiaoli Fang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/9/1571
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author Lihao Yao
Honglei Qin
Hao Xu
Deyong Xian
Donghan He
Boyun Gu
Hai Sha
Yunchao Zou
Huichao Zhou
Nan Xu
Jiemin Shen
Zhijun Liu
Feiqiang Chen
Chunjiang Ma
Xiaoli Fang
author_facet Lihao Yao
Honglei Qin
Hao Xu
Deyong Xian
Donghan He
Boyun Gu
Hai Sha
Yunchao Zou
Huichao Zhou
Nan Xu
Jiemin Shen
Zhijun Liu
Feiqiang Chen
Chunjiang Ma
Xiaoli Fang
author_sort Lihao Yao
collection DOAJ
description Signal-of-Opportunity (SOP) positioning based on Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) constellations has gradually become a research hotspot. Due to their large quantity, wide spectral coverage, and strong signal power, LEO satellite SOP positioning exhibits robust anti-jamming capabilities. However, no in-depth studies have been conducted on their anti-jamming performance, particularly regarding the most common type of interference faced by ground receivers—Periodic Frequency Modulation (PFM) interference. Due to the significant differences in signal characteristics between LEO satellite downlink signals and those of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) based on Medium-Earth-Orbit (MEO) or Geostationary-Earth-Orbit (GEO) satellites, traditional interference suppression techniques cannot be directly applied. This paper proposes a Signal Adaptive Iterative Optimization Resampling (SAIOR) algorithm, which leverages the periodicity of PFM jamming signals and the characteristics of LEO constellation signals. The algorithm enhances the concentration of jamming energy by appropriately resampling the data, thereby reducing the overlap between LEO satellite signals and interference. This approach effectively minimizes the damage to the desired signal during anti-jamming processing. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that, compared to traditional algorithms, this method can effectively eliminates single/multiple-component PFM interference, improve the interference suppression performance under the conditions of narrow bandwidth and high signal power, and holds a high application value in LEO satellite SOP positioning.
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spelling doaj-art-ee01220bdf8d4f2d93d244ad71684d962025-08-20T03:52:57ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922025-04-01179157110.3390/rs17091571A Study on an Anti-Multiple Periodic Frequency Modulation (PFM) Interference Algorithm in Single-Antenna Low-Earth-Orbit Signal-of-Opportunity Positioning SystemsLihao Yao0Honglei Qin1Hao Xu2Deyong Xian3Donghan He4Boyun Gu5Hai Sha6Yunchao Zou7Huichao Zhou8Nan Xu9Jiemin Shen10Zhijun Liu11Feiqiang Chen12Chunjiang Ma13Xiaoli Fang14School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaBeijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100191, ChinaBeijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100191, ChinaBeijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100191, ChinaBeijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaSchool of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, ChinaBeijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100191, ChinaBeijing Satellite Navigation Center, Beijing 100191, ChinaCollege of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaCollege of Electronic Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, ChinaHunan University of Information Technology, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Changsha 410073, ChinaSignal-of-Opportunity (SOP) positioning based on Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) constellations has gradually become a research hotspot. Due to their large quantity, wide spectral coverage, and strong signal power, LEO satellite SOP positioning exhibits robust anti-jamming capabilities. However, no in-depth studies have been conducted on their anti-jamming performance, particularly regarding the most common type of interference faced by ground receivers—Periodic Frequency Modulation (PFM) interference. Due to the significant differences in signal characteristics between LEO satellite downlink signals and those of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) based on Medium-Earth-Orbit (MEO) or Geostationary-Earth-Orbit (GEO) satellites, traditional interference suppression techniques cannot be directly applied. This paper proposes a Signal Adaptive Iterative Optimization Resampling (SAIOR) algorithm, which leverages the periodicity of PFM jamming signals and the characteristics of LEO constellation signals. The algorithm enhances the concentration of jamming energy by appropriately resampling the data, thereby reducing the overlap between LEO satellite signals and interference. This approach effectively minimizes the damage to the desired signal during anti-jamming processing. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that, compared to traditional algorithms, this method can effectively eliminates single/multiple-component PFM interference, improve the interference suppression performance under the conditions of narrow bandwidth and high signal power, and holds a high application value in LEO satellite SOP positioning.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/9/1571signal of opportunitylow-earth-orbit satellitePFM
spellingShingle Lihao Yao
Honglei Qin
Hao Xu
Deyong Xian
Donghan He
Boyun Gu
Hai Sha
Yunchao Zou
Huichao Zhou
Nan Xu
Jiemin Shen
Zhijun Liu
Feiqiang Chen
Chunjiang Ma
Xiaoli Fang
A Study on an Anti-Multiple Periodic Frequency Modulation (PFM) Interference Algorithm in Single-Antenna Low-Earth-Orbit Signal-of-Opportunity Positioning Systems
Remote Sensing
signal of opportunity
low-earth-orbit satellite
PFM
title A Study on an Anti-Multiple Periodic Frequency Modulation (PFM) Interference Algorithm in Single-Antenna Low-Earth-Orbit Signal-of-Opportunity Positioning Systems
title_full A Study on an Anti-Multiple Periodic Frequency Modulation (PFM) Interference Algorithm in Single-Antenna Low-Earth-Orbit Signal-of-Opportunity Positioning Systems
title_fullStr A Study on an Anti-Multiple Periodic Frequency Modulation (PFM) Interference Algorithm in Single-Antenna Low-Earth-Orbit Signal-of-Opportunity Positioning Systems
title_full_unstemmed A Study on an Anti-Multiple Periodic Frequency Modulation (PFM) Interference Algorithm in Single-Antenna Low-Earth-Orbit Signal-of-Opportunity Positioning Systems
title_short A Study on an Anti-Multiple Periodic Frequency Modulation (PFM) Interference Algorithm in Single-Antenna Low-Earth-Orbit Signal-of-Opportunity Positioning Systems
title_sort study on an anti multiple periodic frequency modulation pfm interference algorithm in single antenna low earth orbit signal of opportunity positioning systems
topic signal of opportunity
low-earth-orbit satellite
PFM
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/17/9/1571
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