Trauma-focused dialectical behavior therapy: study protocol for a randomized controlled multi-center trial in online and face-to-face formats

Abstract Background Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a severe mental health condition that requires intensive psychotherapeutic treatment. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a specialized treatment approach for BPD with broad empirical evidence. However, as with other disorder-specific tr...

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Main Authors: Ruben Vonderlin, Tali Boritz, Carola Claus, Büsra Senyüz, Saskia Mahalingam, Julia Schmelz, Silja Knolle-Ventjeer, Philip S. Santangelo, Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer, Christian Schmahl, Jürgen Margraf, Tobias Teismann, Stefanie Lis, Nikolaus Kleindienst, Shelley McMain, Martin Bohus
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40479-025-00294-3
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author Ruben Vonderlin
Tali Boritz
Carola Claus
Büsra Senyüz
Saskia Mahalingam
Julia Schmelz
Silja Knolle-Ventjeer
Philip S. Santangelo
Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer
Christian Schmahl
Jürgen Margraf
Tobias Teismann
Stefanie Lis
Nikolaus Kleindienst
Shelley McMain
Martin Bohus
author_facet Ruben Vonderlin
Tali Boritz
Carola Claus
Büsra Senyüz
Saskia Mahalingam
Julia Schmelz
Silja Knolle-Ventjeer
Philip S. Santangelo
Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer
Christian Schmahl
Jürgen Margraf
Tobias Teismann
Stefanie Lis
Nikolaus Kleindienst
Shelley McMain
Martin Bohus
author_sort Ruben Vonderlin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a severe mental health condition that requires intensive psychotherapeutic treatment. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a specialized treatment approach for BPD with broad empirical evidence. However, as with other disorder-specific treatments, the effect sizes of the standard DBT approach are only modest and access to treatment is limited. To enhance the efficacy of DBT, we developed an adaptation called Trauma-Focused DBT (TF-DBT), which is based on the principles, treatment modes, and functions of DBT. The goal was to (i) condense and accelerate the core therapeutic processes of DBT and (ii) expand therapeutic strategies for addressing BPD symptoms beyond Stage I of DBT (i.e., focusing on behavioral dyscontrol). TF-DBT adopts an accelerated experiential approach that is phase-based in its delivery. It emphasizes the processing of maladaptive emotions related to a wide range of developmental relational trauma (i.e., experiences of traumatic invalidation, emotional abuse, bullying, sexual abuse, or neglect in childhood or adolescence). Aim The primary aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of this novel DBT adaptation (TF-DBT) compared to standard DBT (S-DBT) as developed by M. Linehan. We hypothesize that TF-DBT is superior to S-DBT on all BPD symptom measures. A second aim of the study is to investigate the efficacy of the delivery format of both treatments (i.e., online vs. face-to-face), with the hypothesis that online therapy is non-inferior to face-to-face treatment. Methods This study will enroll N = 260 individuals diagnosed with BPD according to DSM-5. Participants will be randomly assigned to 12 months of outpatient TF-DBT or S-DBT in an online or face-to-face format. Discussion The expected results might help to improve psychotherapy efficacy for BPD. Additionally, they will improve our understanding of the efficacy of online-delivered DBT treatments which might contribute to facilitating access to treatment. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register: registration number DRKS00031808, date of registration 04 July 2023. WHO Universal Trial Number: U1111-1273-3381.
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spelling doaj-art-ee009aa62ae64bdd8e9183399a4ada7d2025-08-20T02:39:02ZengBMCBorderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation2051-66732025-05-0112111510.1186/s40479-025-00294-3Trauma-focused dialectical behavior therapy: study protocol for a randomized controlled multi-center trial in online and face-to-face formatsRuben Vonderlin0Tali Boritz1Carola Claus2Büsra Senyüz3Saskia Mahalingam4Julia Schmelz5Silja Knolle-Ventjeer6Philip S. Santangelo7Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer8Christian Schmahl9Jürgen Margraf10Tobias Teismann11Stefanie Lis12Nikolaus Kleindienst13Shelley McMain14Martin Bohus15Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg UniversityDepartment of Psychology, York UniversityMental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University BochumDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg UniversityDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg UniversityDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg UniversityCenter for Integrative Psychiatry – ZIP, Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyDepartment of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences, University of LuxembourgGerman Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim - Heidelberg - UlmDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg UniversityMental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University BochumMental Health Research and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University BochumGerman Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Mannheim - Heidelberg - UlmDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg UniversityCentre for Addiction and Mental Health, Borderline Personality Disorder ClinicDepartment of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg UniversityAbstract Background Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a severe mental health condition that requires intensive psychotherapeutic treatment. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is a specialized treatment approach for BPD with broad empirical evidence. However, as with other disorder-specific treatments, the effect sizes of the standard DBT approach are only modest and access to treatment is limited. To enhance the efficacy of DBT, we developed an adaptation called Trauma-Focused DBT (TF-DBT), which is based on the principles, treatment modes, and functions of DBT. The goal was to (i) condense and accelerate the core therapeutic processes of DBT and (ii) expand therapeutic strategies for addressing BPD symptoms beyond Stage I of DBT (i.e., focusing on behavioral dyscontrol). TF-DBT adopts an accelerated experiential approach that is phase-based in its delivery. It emphasizes the processing of maladaptive emotions related to a wide range of developmental relational trauma (i.e., experiences of traumatic invalidation, emotional abuse, bullying, sexual abuse, or neglect in childhood or adolescence). Aim The primary aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of this novel DBT adaptation (TF-DBT) compared to standard DBT (S-DBT) as developed by M. Linehan. We hypothesize that TF-DBT is superior to S-DBT on all BPD symptom measures. A second aim of the study is to investigate the efficacy of the delivery format of both treatments (i.e., online vs. face-to-face), with the hypothesis that online therapy is non-inferior to face-to-face treatment. Methods This study will enroll N = 260 individuals diagnosed with BPD according to DSM-5. Participants will be randomly assigned to 12 months of outpatient TF-DBT or S-DBT in an online or face-to-face format. Discussion The expected results might help to improve psychotherapy efficacy for BPD. Additionally, they will improve our understanding of the efficacy of online-delivered DBT treatments which might contribute to facilitating access to treatment. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register: registration number DRKS00031808, date of registration 04 July 2023. WHO Universal Trial Number: U1111-1273-3381.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40479-025-00294-3Borderline personality disorderDialectical behavior therapyRandomized controlled trialTF-DBT
spellingShingle Ruben Vonderlin
Tali Boritz
Carola Claus
Büsra Senyüz
Saskia Mahalingam
Julia Schmelz
Silja Knolle-Ventjeer
Philip S. Santangelo
Ulrich W. Ebner-Priemer
Christian Schmahl
Jürgen Margraf
Tobias Teismann
Stefanie Lis
Nikolaus Kleindienst
Shelley McMain
Martin Bohus
Trauma-focused dialectical behavior therapy: study protocol for a randomized controlled multi-center trial in online and face-to-face formats
Borderline Personality Disorder and Emotion Dysregulation
Borderline personality disorder
Dialectical behavior therapy
Randomized controlled trial
TF-DBT
title Trauma-focused dialectical behavior therapy: study protocol for a randomized controlled multi-center trial in online and face-to-face formats
title_full Trauma-focused dialectical behavior therapy: study protocol for a randomized controlled multi-center trial in online and face-to-face formats
title_fullStr Trauma-focused dialectical behavior therapy: study protocol for a randomized controlled multi-center trial in online and face-to-face formats
title_full_unstemmed Trauma-focused dialectical behavior therapy: study protocol for a randomized controlled multi-center trial in online and face-to-face formats
title_short Trauma-focused dialectical behavior therapy: study protocol for a randomized controlled multi-center trial in online and face-to-face formats
title_sort trauma focused dialectical behavior therapy study protocol for a randomized controlled multi center trial in online and face to face formats
topic Borderline personality disorder
Dialectical behavior therapy
Randomized controlled trial
TF-DBT
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40479-025-00294-3
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