Predator-prey transmission of a gammaherpesvirus from Asian badgers (Meles leucurus) to endangered Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica).

We sought to identify herpesviruses in wild Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) of the Russian Far East in and near the Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik protected area. We used multiple herpesvirus consensus PCRs targeting the glycoprotein B and DNA polymerase genes followed by DNA sequencing to...

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Main Authors: Martin Gilbert, Malcolm A M Hill, Leah Y N Cheung, Patti K Kiser, Ivan V Seryodkin, Dale G Miquelle, John M Goodrich, Nadezhda Sulikhan, Olga Uphyrkina, Mikhail Goncharuk, Linda Kerley, Ryan M Troyer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327463
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author Martin Gilbert
Malcolm A M Hill
Leah Y N Cheung
Patti K Kiser
Ivan V Seryodkin
Dale G Miquelle
John M Goodrich
Nadezhda Sulikhan
Olga Uphyrkina
Mikhail Goncharuk
Linda Kerley
Ryan M Troyer
author_facet Martin Gilbert
Malcolm A M Hill
Leah Y N Cheung
Patti K Kiser
Ivan V Seryodkin
Dale G Miquelle
John M Goodrich
Nadezhda Sulikhan
Olga Uphyrkina
Mikhail Goncharuk
Linda Kerley
Ryan M Troyer
author_sort Martin Gilbert
collection DOAJ
description We sought to identify herpesviruses in wild Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) of the Russian Far East in and near the Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik protected area. We used multiple herpesvirus consensus PCRs targeting the glycoprotein B and DNA polymerase genes followed by DNA sequencing to test blood samples collected over a 22-year period. We found identical herpesvirus sequences in 3 of 41 tigers by consensus PCR and 8 of 41 tigers (19.5%) using a virus-specific PCR. Persistent infection was demonstrated in a tiger that remained virus DNA-positive in three blood samples over a 2.5-year period. Surprisingly, the viral DNA sequence present in tigers had 98.8% identity to mustelid gammaherpesvirus 1 (MusGHV1) commonly found in European badgers (Meles meles), which do not range to the Russian Far East. We then tested 69 blood samples from 11 other carnivore species collected in this region and found that 81.0% (17/21) of Asian badgers (Meles leucurus), but no other species, had MusGHV1 sequences with 99.8-100% identity to those found in tigers. Interaction between Amur tigers and Asian badgers is supported by previous studies demonstrating that badgers are a common prey species for tigers in this region. Taken together, these results are consistent with the interpretation that a strain of MusGHV1 common in Asian badgers was transmitted via predator-prey interactions to Amur tigers. While gammaherpesviruses are generally thought to exhibit strong host species-specificity, our results present an example of cross-species transmission and one of the first examples, to our knowledge, of gammaherpesvirus predator-prey transmission. In addition, we identified novel gammaherpesviruses in sable (Martes zibellina), Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), and brown bear (Ursus arctos).
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spelling doaj-art-edf4484db8764802a3df98d849d67b2d2025-08-20T03:28:54ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01207e032746310.1371/journal.pone.0327463Predator-prey transmission of a gammaherpesvirus from Asian badgers (Meles leucurus) to endangered Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica).Martin GilbertMalcolm A M HillLeah Y N CheungPatti K KiserIvan V SeryodkinDale G MiquelleJohn M GoodrichNadezhda SulikhanOlga UphyrkinaMikhail GoncharukLinda KerleyRyan M TroyerWe sought to identify herpesviruses in wild Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) of the Russian Far East in and near the Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Zapovednik protected area. We used multiple herpesvirus consensus PCRs targeting the glycoprotein B and DNA polymerase genes followed by DNA sequencing to test blood samples collected over a 22-year period. We found identical herpesvirus sequences in 3 of 41 tigers by consensus PCR and 8 of 41 tigers (19.5%) using a virus-specific PCR. Persistent infection was demonstrated in a tiger that remained virus DNA-positive in three blood samples over a 2.5-year period. Surprisingly, the viral DNA sequence present in tigers had 98.8% identity to mustelid gammaherpesvirus 1 (MusGHV1) commonly found in European badgers (Meles meles), which do not range to the Russian Far East. We then tested 69 blood samples from 11 other carnivore species collected in this region and found that 81.0% (17/21) of Asian badgers (Meles leucurus), but no other species, had MusGHV1 sequences with 99.8-100% identity to those found in tigers. Interaction between Amur tigers and Asian badgers is supported by previous studies demonstrating that badgers are a common prey species for tigers in this region. Taken together, these results are consistent with the interpretation that a strain of MusGHV1 common in Asian badgers was transmitted via predator-prey interactions to Amur tigers. While gammaherpesviruses are generally thought to exhibit strong host species-specificity, our results present an example of cross-species transmission and one of the first examples, to our knowledge, of gammaherpesvirus predator-prey transmission. In addition, we identified novel gammaherpesviruses in sable (Martes zibellina), Asiatic black bear (Ursus thibetanus), and brown bear (Ursus arctos).https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327463
spellingShingle Martin Gilbert
Malcolm A M Hill
Leah Y N Cheung
Patti K Kiser
Ivan V Seryodkin
Dale G Miquelle
John M Goodrich
Nadezhda Sulikhan
Olga Uphyrkina
Mikhail Goncharuk
Linda Kerley
Ryan M Troyer
Predator-prey transmission of a gammaherpesvirus from Asian badgers (Meles leucurus) to endangered Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica).
PLoS ONE
title Predator-prey transmission of a gammaherpesvirus from Asian badgers (Meles leucurus) to endangered Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica).
title_full Predator-prey transmission of a gammaherpesvirus from Asian badgers (Meles leucurus) to endangered Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica).
title_fullStr Predator-prey transmission of a gammaherpesvirus from Asian badgers (Meles leucurus) to endangered Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica).
title_full_unstemmed Predator-prey transmission of a gammaherpesvirus from Asian badgers (Meles leucurus) to endangered Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica).
title_short Predator-prey transmission of a gammaherpesvirus from Asian badgers (Meles leucurus) to endangered Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica).
title_sort predator prey transmission of a gammaherpesvirus from asian badgers meles leucurus to endangered amur tigers panthera tigris altaica
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327463
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