Mental Health Correlates of Autistic and ADHD Traits in Secondary School Students

<b>Background:</b> Recent research has examined the associations between autistic traits and the well-being of students. This research has also included measures of ADHD and mental health. <b>Methods:</b> To understand the association and interaction of well-being and mental...

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Main Authors: Japnoor Garcha, Andrew P. Smith, Arwel James
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Brain Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/15/6/609
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author Japnoor Garcha
Andrew P. Smith
Arwel James
author_facet Japnoor Garcha
Andrew P. Smith
Arwel James
author_sort Japnoor Garcha
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Recent research has examined the associations between autistic traits and the well-being of students. This research has also included measures of ADHD and mental health. <b>Methods:</b> To understand the association and interaction of well-being and mental health with autistic traits (AQ) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits, a survey was given to 578 secondary school students. The survey used the well-being process questionnaire (WPQ), the autism spectrum quotient, the ADHD self-report scale, and the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). <b>Results:</b> The analysis conducted using SPSS showed that there was a significant correlation between anxiety, depression, AQ, and ADHD. Anxiety and depression were also significantly correlated with all well-being and SDQ variables. The regression analysis, including psychosocial predictors of well-being, anxiety, depression, ADHD, and AQ, showed that anxiety and depression were strongly associated with well-being outcomes. In contrast, AQ and ADHD were associated with hyperactivity, peer problems, and reduced prosocial behaviour. The associations between anxiety, depression, and well-being outcomes were stronger than with either AQ or ADHD. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study extends previous research from university samples to a secondary school sample. This shows the importance of investigating associations between subclinical traits and psychological symptoms in early adolescence, as this will lead to better-informed prevention and early intervention strategies.
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spelling doaj-art-edd2f2c455404e30874966b4473c7b1a2025-08-20T03:27:28ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252025-06-0115660910.3390/brainsci15060609Mental Health Correlates of Autistic and ADHD Traits in Secondary School StudentsJapnoor Garcha0Andrew P. Smith1Arwel James2Department of Occupational and Health Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UKSchool of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UKSchool of Psychology, Cardiff University, 70 Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK<b>Background:</b> Recent research has examined the associations between autistic traits and the well-being of students. This research has also included measures of ADHD and mental health. <b>Methods:</b> To understand the association and interaction of well-being and mental health with autistic traits (AQ) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits, a survey was given to 578 secondary school students. The survey used the well-being process questionnaire (WPQ), the autism spectrum quotient, the ADHD self-report scale, and the Strengths and Difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). <b>Results:</b> The analysis conducted using SPSS showed that there was a significant correlation between anxiety, depression, AQ, and ADHD. Anxiety and depression were also significantly correlated with all well-being and SDQ variables. The regression analysis, including psychosocial predictors of well-being, anxiety, depression, ADHD, and AQ, showed that anxiety and depression were strongly associated with well-being outcomes. In contrast, AQ and ADHD were associated with hyperactivity, peer problems, and reduced prosocial behaviour. The associations between anxiety, depression, and well-being outcomes were stronger than with either AQ or ADHD. <b>Conclusions:</b> This study extends previous research from university samples to a secondary school sample. This shows the importance of investigating associations between subclinical traits and psychological symptoms in early adolescence, as this will lead to better-informed prevention and early intervention strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/15/6/609ADHD traitsanxietyautistic traitsdepressionsecondary school students
spellingShingle Japnoor Garcha
Andrew P. Smith
Arwel James
Mental Health Correlates of Autistic and ADHD Traits in Secondary School Students
Brain Sciences
ADHD traits
anxiety
autistic traits
depression
secondary school students
title Mental Health Correlates of Autistic and ADHD Traits in Secondary School Students
title_full Mental Health Correlates of Autistic and ADHD Traits in Secondary School Students
title_fullStr Mental Health Correlates of Autistic and ADHD Traits in Secondary School Students
title_full_unstemmed Mental Health Correlates of Autistic and ADHD Traits in Secondary School Students
title_short Mental Health Correlates of Autistic and ADHD Traits in Secondary School Students
title_sort mental health correlates of autistic and adhd traits in secondary school students
topic ADHD traits
anxiety
autistic traits
depression
secondary school students
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/15/6/609
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