Molecular Docking Study of Eugenol and Its Derivatives as Potential Anti-Ischemia Agents for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibition

Mortality due to ischemic stroke has increased significantly, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Preventive measures are urgently needed to reduce the severity of ischemic stroke, which is mainly caused by blood vessel blockage due to increased secretion of angiotensin II (ANG II) by angiotens...

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Main Authors: Susy Yunita Prabawati, Karisma Triatmaja, Priyagung Dhemi Widiakongko
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada 2025-05-01
Series:Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Subjects:
Online Access:https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/101791
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author Susy Yunita Prabawati
Karisma Triatmaja
Priyagung Dhemi Widiakongko
author_facet Susy Yunita Prabawati
Karisma Triatmaja
Priyagung Dhemi Widiakongko
author_sort Susy Yunita Prabawati
collection DOAJ
description Mortality due to ischemic stroke has increased significantly, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Preventive measures are urgently needed to reduce the severity of ischemic stroke, which is mainly caused by blood vessel blockage due to increased secretion of angiotensin II (ANG II) by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). This study investigated the potential of eugenol and its derivatives as ACE inhibitors using molecular docking, an in silico approach for drug discovery by using PLANTS software. The results showed that several eugenol derivatives, including (E)-1-(2-(4-allylphenoxy)acetyl)-4-cinnamoylthiosemicarbazide, exhibited potent ACE inhibition, with docking scores comparable to the native ligand (lisinopril) and superior to several commercial drugs. Physicochemical evaluation revealed that derivatives such as 5a, 5b, 7, and 9a had favorable molecular weight, total polar surface area, and lipophilicity (log P), thereby enhancing their permeability and bioavailability. Drug-likeness analysis confirmed that the compound meets several criteria, including Lipinski, Pfizer, and Golden Triangle rules, highlighting its potential safety and efficacy. Key binding interactions, including hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interactions in the ACE active site, further support its candidacy as an ACE inhibitor. These findings suggest that eugenol derivatives are promising candidates for the development of therapies targeting ischemic stroke through ACE inhibition.
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publishDate 2025-05-01
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spelling doaj-art-edd18e05999044e598626fb0e5f4bd932025-08-20T03:07:35ZengDepartment of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah MadaIndonesian Journal of Chemistry1411-94202460-15782025-05-0125392994210.22146/ijc.10179137194Molecular Docking Study of Eugenol and Its Derivatives as Potential Anti-Ischemia Agents for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) InhibitionSusy Yunita Prabawati0Karisma Triatmaja1Priyagung Dhemi Widiakongko2Chemistry Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Jl. Laksda Adisucipto No. 1, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaChemistry Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Jl. Laksda Adisucipto No. 1, Yogyakarta 55281, IndonesiaMortality due to ischemic stroke has increased significantly, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Preventive measures are urgently needed to reduce the severity of ischemic stroke, which is mainly caused by blood vessel blockage due to increased secretion of angiotensin II (ANG II) by angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). This study investigated the potential of eugenol and its derivatives as ACE inhibitors using molecular docking, an in silico approach for drug discovery by using PLANTS software. The results showed that several eugenol derivatives, including (E)-1-(2-(4-allylphenoxy)acetyl)-4-cinnamoylthiosemicarbazide, exhibited potent ACE inhibition, with docking scores comparable to the native ligand (lisinopril) and superior to several commercial drugs. Physicochemical evaluation revealed that derivatives such as 5a, 5b, 7, and 9a had favorable molecular weight, total polar surface area, and lipophilicity (log P), thereby enhancing their permeability and bioavailability. Drug-likeness analysis confirmed that the compound meets several criteria, including Lipinski, Pfizer, and Golden Triangle rules, highlighting its potential safety and efficacy. Key binding interactions, including hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interactions in the ACE active site, further support its candidacy as an ACE inhibitor. These findings suggest that eugenol derivatives are promising candidates for the development of therapies targeting ischemic stroke through ACE inhibition.https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/101791ace inhibitorantioxidanteugenolischemiamolecular docking
spellingShingle Susy Yunita Prabawati
Karisma Triatmaja
Priyagung Dhemi Widiakongko
Molecular Docking Study of Eugenol and Its Derivatives as Potential Anti-Ischemia Agents for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibition
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
ace inhibitor
antioxidant
eugenol
ischemia
molecular docking
title Molecular Docking Study of Eugenol and Its Derivatives as Potential Anti-Ischemia Agents for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibition
title_full Molecular Docking Study of Eugenol and Its Derivatives as Potential Anti-Ischemia Agents for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibition
title_fullStr Molecular Docking Study of Eugenol and Its Derivatives as Potential Anti-Ischemia Agents for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibition
title_full_unstemmed Molecular Docking Study of Eugenol and Its Derivatives as Potential Anti-Ischemia Agents for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibition
title_short Molecular Docking Study of Eugenol and Its Derivatives as Potential Anti-Ischemia Agents for Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibition
title_sort molecular docking study of eugenol and its derivatives as potential anti ischemia agents for angiotensin converting enzyme ace inhibition
topic ace inhibitor
antioxidant
eugenol
ischemia
molecular docking
url https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/ijc/article/view/101791
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