Coupled Climate Models Systematically Underestimate Radiation Response to Surface Warming

Abstract A realistic representation of top‐of‐the‐atmosphere (TOA) radiation response to surface warming is key for trusting climate model projections. We show that coupled models with freely evolving ocean‐atmosphere interactions systematically underestimate the observed global TOA radiation trend...

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Main Authors: Dirk Olonscheck, Maria Rugenstein
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-03-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106909
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author Dirk Olonscheck
Maria Rugenstein
author_facet Dirk Olonscheck
Maria Rugenstein
author_sort Dirk Olonscheck
collection DOAJ
description Abstract A realistic representation of top‐of‐the‐atmosphere (TOA) radiation response to surface warming is key for trusting climate model projections. We show that coupled models with freely evolving ocean‐atmosphere interactions systematically underestimate the observed global TOA radiation trend during 2001–2022 in 552 simulations. Locally, even if a simulation spontaneously reproduces observed surface temperature trends, TOA radiation trends are more likely under‐ than overestimated. This response bias stems from the models' inability to reproduce the observed large‐scale surface warming pattern and from errors in the atmospheric physics affecting short‐ and longwave radiation. Models with a better representation of the TOA radiation response to local surface warming have a relatively low equilibrium climate sensitivity. Our bias metric is a novel process‐based approach which links a model's current response to climate change to its behavior in the future.
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spelling doaj-art-edc6f041e5e64cd183110384e16ddf0d2025-08-20T01:51:57ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072024-03-01516n/an/a10.1029/2023GL106909Coupled Climate Models Systematically Underestimate Radiation Response to Surface WarmingDirk Olonscheck0Maria Rugenstein1Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Hamburg GermanyColorado State University Fort Collins CO USAAbstract A realistic representation of top‐of‐the‐atmosphere (TOA) radiation response to surface warming is key for trusting climate model projections. We show that coupled models with freely evolving ocean‐atmosphere interactions systematically underestimate the observed global TOA radiation trend during 2001–2022 in 552 simulations. Locally, even if a simulation spontaneously reproduces observed surface temperature trends, TOA radiation trends are more likely under‐ than overestimated. This response bias stems from the models' inability to reproduce the observed large‐scale surface warming pattern and from errors in the atmospheric physics affecting short‐ and longwave radiation. Models with a better representation of the TOA radiation response to local surface warming have a relatively low equilibrium climate sensitivity. Our bias metric is a novel process‐based approach which links a model's current response to climate change to its behavior in the future.https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106909radiationocean‐atmosphere interactionmodel evaluationlarge ensemblespattern effectclimate sensitivity
spellingShingle Dirk Olonscheck
Maria Rugenstein
Coupled Climate Models Systematically Underestimate Radiation Response to Surface Warming
Geophysical Research Letters
radiation
ocean‐atmosphere interaction
model evaluation
large ensembles
pattern effect
climate sensitivity
title Coupled Climate Models Systematically Underestimate Radiation Response to Surface Warming
title_full Coupled Climate Models Systematically Underestimate Radiation Response to Surface Warming
title_fullStr Coupled Climate Models Systematically Underestimate Radiation Response to Surface Warming
title_full_unstemmed Coupled Climate Models Systematically Underestimate Radiation Response to Surface Warming
title_short Coupled Climate Models Systematically Underestimate Radiation Response to Surface Warming
title_sort coupled climate models systematically underestimate radiation response to surface warming
topic radiation
ocean‐atmosphere interaction
model evaluation
large ensembles
pattern effect
climate sensitivity
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GL106909
work_keys_str_mv AT dirkolonscheck coupledclimatemodelssystematicallyunderestimateradiationresponsetosurfacewarming
AT mariarugenstein coupledclimatemodelssystematicallyunderestimateradiationresponsetosurfacewarming