Investigating Stress and Coping Behaviors in African Green Monkeys (<i>Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus</i>) Through Machine Learning and Multivariate Generalized Linear Mixed Models
Integrating behavioral and physiological assessment is critical to improve our ability to assess animal welfare in biomedical settings. Hair, blood, and saliva samples were collected from 40 recently acquired male African green monkeys (AGMs) to analyze concentrations of hair cortisol, plasma β-endo...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-03-01
|
| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/3/209 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1849339877206786048 |
|---|---|
| author | Brittany Roman Christa Gallagher Amy Beierschmitt Sarah Hooper |
| author_facet | Brittany Roman Christa Gallagher Amy Beierschmitt Sarah Hooper |
| author_sort | Brittany Roman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Integrating behavioral and physiological assessment is critical to improve our ability to assess animal welfare in biomedical settings. Hair, blood, and saliva samples were collected from 40 recently acquired male African green monkeys (AGMs) to analyze concentrations of hair cortisol, plasma β-endorphin, and lysozyme alongside focal behavioral observations. The statistical methodology utilized machine learning and multivariate generalized linear mixed models to find associations between behaviors and fluctuations of cortisol, lysozyme, and β-endorphin concentrations. The study population was divided into two groups to assess the effectiveness of an enrichment intervention, though the hair cortisol results revealed no difference between the groups. The principal component analysis (PCA) with a Bayesian mixed model analysis reveals several significant patterns in specific behaviors and physiological responses, highlighting the need for further research to deepen our understanding of how behaviors correlate with animal welfare. This study’s methodology demonstrates a more refined approach to interpreting these behaviors that can help improve animal welfare and inform the development of better management practices. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-edc26edb059a499bae4a451d9a2164f2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-edc26edb059a499bae4a451d9a2164f22025-08-20T03:44:01ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812025-03-0112320910.3390/vetsci12030209Investigating Stress and Coping Behaviors in African Green Monkeys (<i>Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus</i>) Through Machine Learning and Multivariate Generalized Linear Mixed ModelsBrittany Roman0Christa Gallagher1Amy Beierschmitt2Sarah Hooper3Center for Conservation Medicine and Ecosystem Health, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre KN 0101, Saint Kitts and NevisDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre KN 0101, Saint Kitts and NevisDepartment of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre KN 0101, Saint Kitts and NevisDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre KN 0101, Saint Kitts and NevisIntegrating behavioral and physiological assessment is critical to improve our ability to assess animal welfare in biomedical settings. Hair, blood, and saliva samples were collected from 40 recently acquired male African green monkeys (AGMs) to analyze concentrations of hair cortisol, plasma β-endorphin, and lysozyme alongside focal behavioral observations. The statistical methodology utilized machine learning and multivariate generalized linear mixed models to find associations between behaviors and fluctuations of cortisol, lysozyme, and β-endorphin concentrations. The study population was divided into two groups to assess the effectiveness of an enrichment intervention, though the hair cortisol results revealed no difference between the groups. The principal component analysis (PCA) with a Bayesian mixed model analysis reveals several significant patterns in specific behaviors and physiological responses, highlighting the need for further research to deepen our understanding of how behaviors correlate with animal welfare. This study’s methodology demonstrates a more refined approach to interpreting these behaviors that can help improve animal welfare and inform the development of better management practices.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/3/209animal welfare3Rsstress responsebehaviorAfrican green monkeyrefinement |
| spellingShingle | Brittany Roman Christa Gallagher Amy Beierschmitt Sarah Hooper Investigating Stress and Coping Behaviors in African Green Monkeys (<i>Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus</i>) Through Machine Learning and Multivariate Generalized Linear Mixed Models Veterinary Sciences animal welfare 3Rs stress response behavior African green monkey refinement |
| title | Investigating Stress and Coping Behaviors in African Green Monkeys (<i>Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus</i>) Through Machine Learning and Multivariate Generalized Linear Mixed Models |
| title_full | Investigating Stress and Coping Behaviors in African Green Monkeys (<i>Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus</i>) Through Machine Learning and Multivariate Generalized Linear Mixed Models |
| title_fullStr | Investigating Stress and Coping Behaviors in African Green Monkeys (<i>Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus</i>) Through Machine Learning and Multivariate Generalized Linear Mixed Models |
| title_full_unstemmed | Investigating Stress and Coping Behaviors in African Green Monkeys (<i>Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus</i>) Through Machine Learning and Multivariate Generalized Linear Mixed Models |
| title_short | Investigating Stress and Coping Behaviors in African Green Monkeys (<i>Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus</i>) Through Machine Learning and Multivariate Generalized Linear Mixed Models |
| title_sort | investigating stress and coping behaviors in african green monkeys i chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus i through machine learning and multivariate generalized linear mixed models |
| topic | animal welfare 3Rs stress response behavior African green monkey refinement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/12/3/209 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT brittanyroman investigatingstressandcopingbehaviorsinafricangreenmonkeysichlorocebusaethiopssabaeusithroughmachinelearningandmultivariategeneralizedlinearmixedmodels AT christagallagher investigatingstressandcopingbehaviorsinafricangreenmonkeysichlorocebusaethiopssabaeusithroughmachinelearningandmultivariategeneralizedlinearmixedmodels AT amybeierschmitt investigatingstressandcopingbehaviorsinafricangreenmonkeysichlorocebusaethiopssabaeusithroughmachinelearningandmultivariategeneralizedlinearmixedmodels AT sarahhooper investigatingstressandcopingbehaviorsinafricangreenmonkeysichlorocebusaethiopssabaeusithroughmachinelearningandmultivariategeneralizedlinearmixedmodels |