Characterizing the Dynamic Protein and Amino Acid Deposition in Tissues of Pregnant Gilts: Implications for Stage-Specific Nutritional Strategies
Understanding protein and amino acid deposition in pregnant gilts is important for developing nutritional strategies that meet these demands and enhance reproductive performance. Current models, such as the NRC (2012) gestating sow model, assume a constant proportional protein and amino acid content...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| author | Christian D. Ramirez-Camba Pedro E. Urriola Crystal L. Levesque |
| author_facet | Christian D. Ramirez-Camba Pedro E. Urriola Crystal L. Levesque |
| author_sort | Christian D. Ramirez-Camba |
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| description | Understanding protein and amino acid deposition in pregnant gilts is important for developing nutritional strategies that meet these demands and enhance reproductive performance. Current models, such as the NRC (2012) gestating sow model, assume a constant proportional protein and amino acid content in tissues throughout pregnancy. However, empirical data suggest that gestational tissue growth and composition change dynamically. In this study, we developed a gestation model that characterizes the dynamic changes in growth, crude protein, and amino acid deposition throughout gestation. Based on a systematized search of published data, mathematical functions were developed to estimate daily protein and amino acid deposition in key tissues, including allantoic and amniotic fluid, uterus, placenta, fetus, mammary gland, and maternal body. Our results suggest that dietary crude protein levels and amino acid profiles should be adjusted to meet metabolic demands, particularly in early gestation, where a potential nutritional deficiency was identified. Additionally, the amino acid profile of deposited protein shifts during late gestation, suggesting a changing demand for specific amino acids. These findings challenge existing models and highlight the need for adaptive dietary strategies that better align with pregnancy’s biological demands. By refining protein and amino acid deposition estimates, this study provides a framework guiding future research on precision feeding, ultimately improving gilt and sow reproductive performance. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-eda92ceb7032484facc3418aab855d992025-08-20T03:55:49ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-07-011514212610.3390/ani15142126Characterizing the Dynamic Protein and Amino Acid Deposition in Tissues of Pregnant Gilts: Implications for Stage-Specific Nutritional StrategiesChristian D. Ramirez-Camba0Pedro E. Urriola1Crystal L. Levesque2Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USADepartment of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USAUnderstanding protein and amino acid deposition in pregnant gilts is important for developing nutritional strategies that meet these demands and enhance reproductive performance. Current models, such as the NRC (2012) gestating sow model, assume a constant proportional protein and amino acid content in tissues throughout pregnancy. However, empirical data suggest that gestational tissue growth and composition change dynamically. In this study, we developed a gestation model that characterizes the dynamic changes in growth, crude protein, and amino acid deposition throughout gestation. Based on a systematized search of published data, mathematical functions were developed to estimate daily protein and amino acid deposition in key tissues, including allantoic and amniotic fluid, uterus, placenta, fetus, mammary gland, and maternal body. Our results suggest that dietary crude protein levels and amino acid profiles should be adjusted to meet metabolic demands, particularly in early gestation, where a potential nutritional deficiency was identified. Additionally, the amino acid profile of deposited protein shifts during late gestation, suggesting a changing demand for specific amino acids. These findings challenge existing models and highlight the need for adaptive dietary strategies that better align with pregnancy’s biological demands. By refining protein and amino acid deposition estimates, this study provides a framework guiding future research on precision feeding, ultimately improving gilt and sow reproductive performance.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/14/2126gestation modelprotein depositionamino acid requirementsswine nutritionreproductive performancedietary optimization |
| spellingShingle | Christian D. Ramirez-Camba Pedro E. Urriola Crystal L. Levesque Characterizing the Dynamic Protein and Amino Acid Deposition in Tissues of Pregnant Gilts: Implications for Stage-Specific Nutritional Strategies Animals gestation model protein deposition amino acid requirements swine nutrition reproductive performance dietary optimization |
| title | Characterizing the Dynamic Protein and Amino Acid Deposition in Tissues of Pregnant Gilts: Implications for Stage-Specific Nutritional Strategies |
| title_full | Characterizing the Dynamic Protein and Amino Acid Deposition in Tissues of Pregnant Gilts: Implications for Stage-Specific Nutritional Strategies |
| title_fullStr | Characterizing the Dynamic Protein and Amino Acid Deposition in Tissues of Pregnant Gilts: Implications for Stage-Specific Nutritional Strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterizing the Dynamic Protein and Amino Acid Deposition in Tissues of Pregnant Gilts: Implications for Stage-Specific Nutritional Strategies |
| title_short | Characterizing the Dynamic Protein and Amino Acid Deposition in Tissues of Pregnant Gilts: Implications for Stage-Specific Nutritional Strategies |
| title_sort | characterizing the dynamic protein and amino acid deposition in tissues of pregnant gilts implications for stage specific nutritional strategies |
| topic | gestation model protein deposition amino acid requirements swine nutrition reproductive performance dietary optimization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/14/2126 |
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