Testosterone differentially modulates the display of agonistic behavior and dominance over opponents before and after adolescence in male Syrian hamsters

The current study investigated the influence of testosterone on agonistic behavior and dominance over an opponent before and after adolescence in male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), and tested the hypothesis that shifts in behavioral responsiveness to testosterone occur across adolescent de...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Arthur J. Castaneda, Conner J. Whitten, Tami A. Menard, Cheryl L. Sisk, Matthew A. Cooper, Kalynn M. Schulz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1603862/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849428013234520064
author Arthur J. Castaneda
Conner J. Whitten
Tami A. Menard
Cheryl L. Sisk
Matthew A. Cooper
Kalynn M. Schulz
author_facet Arthur J. Castaneda
Conner J. Whitten
Tami A. Menard
Cheryl L. Sisk
Matthew A. Cooper
Kalynn M. Schulz
author_sort Arthur J. Castaneda
collection DOAJ
description The current study investigated the influence of testosterone on agonistic behavior and dominance over an opponent before and after adolescence in male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), and tested the hypothesis that shifts in behavioral responsiveness to testosterone occur across adolescent development. We predicted that testosterone-dependent modulation of attacks decreases following puberty, and that flank marking behavior in response to testosterone increases following puberty. Prepubertal (14 days of age) and adult subjects (52–62 days of age) were gonadectomized and immediately implanted with testosterone propionate (TP) or vehicle pellets. Fourteen days later, agonistic behaviors were assessed in a neutral arena with age-matched testosterone-treated opponents. TP treatment increased attacks and dominance over an opponent in prepubertal but not adult males, supporting the hypothesis that testosterone-dependent modulation of aggression decreases following puberty. TP increased flank marking behavior in adults, but failed to increase flank marking in prepubertal subjects, supporting the hypothesized increase in testosterone-dependent modulation of flank marking after puberty. Thus, we provide here evidence that changes in agonistic responses to steroid hormones occur across puberty and adolescence in male rodents, much like the well-established shifts in neuroendocrine and reproductive behavioral responses to steroid hormones that occur pre- to post-pubertally. These findings may have implications for early pubertal timing and increased risk for externalizing symptoms and aggressive behavior in humans.
format Article
id doaj-art-eda2c2f57b27497896577b7e4bce0bb6
institution Kabale University
issn 1662-5153
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
spelling doaj-art-eda2c2f57b27497896577b7e4bce0bb62025-08-20T03:28:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience1662-51532025-07-011910.3389/fnbeh.2025.16038621603862Testosterone differentially modulates the display of agonistic behavior and dominance over opponents before and after adolescence in male Syrian hamstersArthur J. Castaneda0Conner J. Whitten1Tami A. Menard2Cheryl L. Sisk3Matthew A. Cooper4Kalynn M. Schulz5Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United StatesDepartment of Psychology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United StatesDepartment of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United StatesDepartment of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United StatesDepartment of Psychology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United StatesDepartment of Psychology, University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United StatesThe current study investigated the influence of testosterone on agonistic behavior and dominance over an opponent before and after adolescence in male Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), and tested the hypothesis that shifts in behavioral responsiveness to testosterone occur across adolescent development. We predicted that testosterone-dependent modulation of attacks decreases following puberty, and that flank marking behavior in response to testosterone increases following puberty. Prepubertal (14 days of age) and adult subjects (52–62 days of age) were gonadectomized and immediately implanted with testosterone propionate (TP) or vehicle pellets. Fourteen days later, agonistic behaviors were assessed in a neutral arena with age-matched testosterone-treated opponents. TP treatment increased attacks and dominance over an opponent in prepubertal but not adult males, supporting the hypothesis that testosterone-dependent modulation of aggression decreases following puberty. TP increased flank marking behavior in adults, but failed to increase flank marking in prepubertal subjects, supporting the hypothesized increase in testosterone-dependent modulation of flank marking after puberty. Thus, we provide here evidence that changes in agonistic responses to steroid hormones occur across puberty and adolescence in male rodents, much like the well-established shifts in neuroendocrine and reproductive behavioral responses to steroid hormones that occur pre- to post-pubertally. These findings may have implications for early pubertal timing and increased risk for externalizing symptoms and aggressive behavior in humans.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1603862/fulltestosteronepubertyadolescenceagonisticaggressivesubmissive
spellingShingle Arthur J. Castaneda
Conner J. Whitten
Tami A. Menard
Cheryl L. Sisk
Matthew A. Cooper
Kalynn M. Schulz
Testosterone differentially modulates the display of agonistic behavior and dominance over opponents before and after adolescence in male Syrian hamsters
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
testosterone
puberty
adolescence
agonistic
aggressive
submissive
title Testosterone differentially modulates the display of agonistic behavior and dominance over opponents before and after adolescence in male Syrian hamsters
title_full Testosterone differentially modulates the display of agonistic behavior and dominance over opponents before and after adolescence in male Syrian hamsters
title_fullStr Testosterone differentially modulates the display of agonistic behavior and dominance over opponents before and after adolescence in male Syrian hamsters
title_full_unstemmed Testosterone differentially modulates the display of agonistic behavior and dominance over opponents before and after adolescence in male Syrian hamsters
title_short Testosterone differentially modulates the display of agonistic behavior and dominance over opponents before and after adolescence in male Syrian hamsters
title_sort testosterone differentially modulates the display of agonistic behavior and dominance over opponents before and after adolescence in male syrian hamsters
topic testosterone
puberty
adolescence
agonistic
aggressive
submissive
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2025.1603862/full
work_keys_str_mv AT arthurjcastaneda testosteronedifferentiallymodulatesthedisplayofagonisticbehavioranddominanceoveropponentsbeforeandafteradolescenceinmalesyrianhamsters
AT connerjwhitten testosteronedifferentiallymodulatesthedisplayofagonisticbehavioranddominanceoveropponentsbeforeandafteradolescenceinmalesyrianhamsters
AT tamiamenard testosteronedifferentiallymodulatesthedisplayofagonisticbehavioranddominanceoveropponentsbeforeandafteradolescenceinmalesyrianhamsters
AT cheryllsisk testosteronedifferentiallymodulatesthedisplayofagonisticbehavioranddominanceoveropponentsbeforeandafteradolescenceinmalesyrianhamsters
AT matthewacooper testosteronedifferentiallymodulatesthedisplayofagonisticbehavioranddominanceoveropponentsbeforeandafteradolescenceinmalesyrianhamsters
AT kalynnmschulz testosteronedifferentiallymodulatesthedisplayofagonisticbehavioranddominanceoveropponentsbeforeandafteradolescenceinmalesyrianhamsters