The Combined Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Extracts to Reduce the Adverse Effects of Aflatoxin B1 in Rats
Introduction : Fungal toxins are also of considerable importance and are always placed next to plant pesticides and heavy metals. Mycotoxins are small molecules that are produced as secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi and yeasts. Aflatoxins, secondary metabolites of various Aspergillus spp, c...
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Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
2024-12-01
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| author | Hadi Sarir Saeedeh Zakerian masood didarkhah |
| author_facet | Hadi Sarir Saeedeh Zakerian masood didarkhah |
| author_sort | Hadi Sarir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction : Fungal toxins are also of considerable importance and are always placed next to plant pesticides and heavy metals. Mycotoxins are small molecules that are produced as secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi and yeasts. Aflatoxins, secondary metabolites of various Aspergillus spp, commonly contaminate a wide variety of tropical and subtropical food/feedstuffs. Chemically, aflatoxins are difuranocoumarin compounds and include B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, and M2. The removal of aflatoxins from contaminated food is a major problem in livestock and poultry nutrition and the pollution removal methods are based on the decomposition, destruction, inactivation, or removal of aflatoxins through biological, chemical, or physical methods. In recent years, the study of the effect of plants and their extracts and compounds on things such as reducing microbial growth and the effect on microorganisms has increased dramatically. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of the combination of garlic and turmeric extract on the amount of plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, the amount of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde in rats intoxicated with aflatoxin B1.Materials and Methods: In this research, 64 male Wistar rats with an average body weight of 250-300 g were used to evaluate the synergistic effect of garlic and turmeric extract against the damage caused by aflatoxin B1 in the form of a completely randomized design as a factorial experiment (2×2×2). Eight groups were tested for 28 days in the animal dissection laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture of Birjand University, observing all ethical considerations. This study aimed to determine the synergistic effect of garlic and turmeric extracts for possible protection against injury induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Rats were divided into eight groups and treated for 28 days including control (0.2 ml sterile distilled water orally), AFB1 (100 µg/kg BW orally), garlic extract (GE) (50 mg/kg BW orally), Turmeric extract (TE) (100 mg/kg BW orally), GE plus TE, AFB1 plus GE, AFB1 plus TE, AFB1 plus GE and TE. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples were collected for biochemical study.Results and Discussion: Daily administration of aflatoxin B1 at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for 28 days resulted in increased levels of AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin, and malondialdehyde, along with decreased total antioxidant capacity, T3 (triiodothyronine), and T4 (thyroxine). The use of garlic extract (GE), turmeric extract (TE), and their combination showed a positive effect in mitigating aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity. These treatments significantly reduced AST, ALP, total bilirubin, and malondialdehyde levels while significantly increasing total antioxidant capacity and T3 levels.Although GE and TE individually did not show significant effects on the measured parameters, their combination was more effective. Notably, the combination of GE and TE led to a significant increase in T4 levels and a significant decrease in ALT levels compared to the aflatoxin B1 control group. These findings suggest that the combination of garlic and turmeric extracts may have a synergistic protective effect against aflatoxin B1 toxicity. In examining the ALP factor, there was a statistically significant difference between the treatments of garlic or turmeric extract and the combination of these two extracts. One of the possible protective mechanisms of these plants is their antioxidant property, which prevents the activity of free radicals produced by aflatoxin B1.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the use of garlic extract at the rate of 50 mg/kg of body weight, turmeric extract at the rate of 100 mg/kg of body weight, and their combination reduces the level of toxicity caused by aflatoxin B1. The use of garlic, turmeric extract, and their combination improves liver function indicators and reduces liver enzymes such as AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin. These results show that the extract of garlic, turmeric, and their combination have a protective effect on the liver. The use of turmeric extract, garlic, and the combination of garlic and turmeric extract in the absence of aflatoxin B1 intoxication did not affect the measured variables. In general, the combination of GE and TE may have a synergistic effect in reducing the adverse effects of AFB1. |
| format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj-art-ed98cf2ef24f404995d4d3bde41e67ff2025-02-04T09:48:39ZfasFerdowsi University of Mashhadپژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران2008-31062423-40012024-12-0116455556810.22067/ijasr.2024.83186.115746005The Combined Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Extracts to Reduce the Adverse Effects of Aflatoxin B1 in RatsHadi Sarir0Saeedeh Zakerian1masood didarkhah2Associate Professor, Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, IranFormer Ph.D. Student, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.Faculty of Agriculture Sarayan, University of Birjand, Birjand, IranIntroduction : Fungal toxins are also of considerable importance and are always placed next to plant pesticides and heavy metals. Mycotoxins are small molecules that are produced as secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi and yeasts. Aflatoxins, secondary metabolites of various Aspergillus spp, commonly contaminate a wide variety of tropical and subtropical food/feedstuffs. Chemically, aflatoxins are difuranocoumarin compounds and include B1, B2, G1, G2, M1, and M2. The removal of aflatoxins from contaminated food is a major problem in livestock and poultry nutrition and the pollution removal methods are based on the decomposition, destruction, inactivation, or removal of aflatoxins through biological, chemical, or physical methods. In recent years, the study of the effect of plants and their extracts and compounds on things such as reducing microbial growth and the effect on microorganisms has increased dramatically. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of the combination of garlic and turmeric extract on the amount of plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, the amount of triiodothyronine, thyroxine, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde in rats intoxicated with aflatoxin B1.Materials and Methods: In this research, 64 male Wistar rats with an average body weight of 250-300 g were used to evaluate the synergistic effect of garlic and turmeric extract against the damage caused by aflatoxin B1 in the form of a completely randomized design as a factorial experiment (2×2×2). Eight groups were tested for 28 days in the animal dissection laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture of Birjand University, observing all ethical considerations. This study aimed to determine the synergistic effect of garlic and turmeric extracts for possible protection against injury induced by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Rats were divided into eight groups and treated for 28 days including control (0.2 ml sterile distilled water orally), AFB1 (100 µg/kg BW orally), garlic extract (GE) (50 mg/kg BW orally), Turmeric extract (TE) (100 mg/kg BW orally), GE plus TE, AFB1 plus GE, AFB1 plus TE, AFB1 plus GE and TE. At the end of the treatment period, blood samples were collected for biochemical study.Results and Discussion: Daily administration of aflatoxin B1 at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for 28 days resulted in increased levels of AST, ALT, ALP, total bilirubin, and malondialdehyde, along with decreased total antioxidant capacity, T3 (triiodothyronine), and T4 (thyroxine). The use of garlic extract (GE), turmeric extract (TE), and their combination showed a positive effect in mitigating aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity. These treatments significantly reduced AST, ALP, total bilirubin, and malondialdehyde levels while significantly increasing total antioxidant capacity and T3 levels.Although GE and TE individually did not show significant effects on the measured parameters, their combination was more effective. Notably, the combination of GE and TE led to a significant increase in T4 levels and a significant decrease in ALT levels compared to the aflatoxin B1 control group. These findings suggest that the combination of garlic and turmeric extracts may have a synergistic protective effect against aflatoxin B1 toxicity. In examining the ALP factor, there was a statistically significant difference between the treatments of garlic or turmeric extract and the combination of these two extracts. One of the possible protective mechanisms of these plants is their antioxidant property, which prevents the activity of free radicals produced by aflatoxin B1.Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the use of garlic extract at the rate of 50 mg/kg of body weight, turmeric extract at the rate of 100 mg/kg of body weight, and their combination reduces the level of toxicity caused by aflatoxin B1. The use of garlic, turmeric extract, and their combination improves liver function indicators and reduces liver enzymes such as AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin. These results show that the extract of garlic, turmeric, and their combination have a protective effect on the liver. The use of turmeric extract, garlic, and the combination of garlic and turmeric extract in the absence of aflatoxin B1 intoxication did not affect the measured variables. In general, the combination of GE and TE may have a synergistic effect in reducing the adverse effects of AFB1.https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_46005_88c0a825a6dfdf98aba46e2dd94a8202.pdfaflatoxin b1garlicturmericmalondialdehydethyroid hormones |
| spellingShingle | Hadi Sarir Saeedeh Zakerian masood didarkhah The Combined Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Extracts to Reduce the Adverse Effects of Aflatoxin B1 in Rats پژوهشهای علوم دامی ایران aflatoxin b1 garlic turmeric malondialdehyde thyroid hormones |
| title | The Combined Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Extracts to Reduce the Adverse Effects of Aflatoxin B1 in Rats |
| title_full | The Combined Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Extracts to Reduce the Adverse Effects of Aflatoxin B1 in Rats |
| title_fullStr | The Combined Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Extracts to Reduce the Adverse Effects of Aflatoxin B1 in Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Combined Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Extracts to Reduce the Adverse Effects of Aflatoxin B1 in Rats |
| title_short | The Combined Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) and Turmeric (Curcuma longa) Extracts to Reduce the Adverse Effects of Aflatoxin B1 in Rats |
| title_sort | combined effect of garlic allium sativum and turmeric curcuma longa extracts to reduce the adverse effects of aflatoxin b1 in rats |
| topic | aflatoxin b1 garlic turmeric malondialdehyde thyroid hormones |
| url | https://ijasr.um.ac.ir/article_46005_88c0a825a6dfdf98aba46e2dd94a8202.pdf |
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