Evaluation of Physical and Mental Health in Adults Who Underwent Limb-Lengthening Procedures with Circular External Fixators During Childhood or Adolescence

Background: Lower limb length discrepancy (LLD) in children and adolescents, often due to congenital or acquired conditions, is treated to achieve limb equality and alignment, optimizing function and minimizing cosmetic concerns for an active adulthood. This study evaluated the Health-Related Qualit...

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Main Authors: Alessandro Depaoli, Marina Magnani, Agnese Casamenti, Marco Ramella, Grazia Chiara Menozzi, Giovanni Gallone, Marianna Viotto, Gino Rocca, Giovanni Trisolino
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Children
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/11/1322
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author Alessandro Depaoli
Marina Magnani
Agnese Casamenti
Marco Ramella
Grazia Chiara Menozzi
Giovanni Gallone
Marianna Viotto
Gino Rocca
Giovanni Trisolino
author_facet Alessandro Depaoli
Marina Magnani
Agnese Casamenti
Marco Ramella
Grazia Chiara Menozzi
Giovanni Gallone
Marianna Viotto
Gino Rocca
Giovanni Trisolino
author_sort Alessandro Depaoli
collection DOAJ
description Background: Lower limb length discrepancy (LLD) in children and adolescents, often due to congenital or acquired conditions, is treated to achieve limb equality and alignment, optimizing function and minimizing cosmetic concerns for an active adulthood. This study evaluated the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and physical functioning of adults who underwent unilateral limb lengthening with circular external fixators (EFs) in childhood. Methods: Fifty patients treated at a median age of 14.9 years completed the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and Stanmore Limb Reconstruction Score (SLRS) questionnaires in adulthood, with a median follow-up of 8.9 years. Results: Among the 50 patients, 38 underwent a single limb lengthening (21 tibia, 12 femur, 5 both), while 12 required multiple cycles. The median residual LLD was 0.4 cm, with 12 patients (24%) having over 2 cm. Complications occurred in 67% of procedures, mainly due to prolonged healing. Physical and mental health scores were significantly lower than normative data. The mean Physical Component Summary was 52.2 ± 7.2 (<i>p</i> = 0.20). The mean Mental Component Summary was 43.9 ± 8.6 (<i>p</i> = 0.001), notably lower in congenital LLD cases. Many SLRS items (Pain, Social, Physical Function, Work, and Emotions) strongly correlated with SF-36 items. Conclusions: Adults treated with distraction osteogenesis for congenital LLD show normal physical but lower mental health scores compared to peers. Lengthening procedure characteristics did not significantly impact mental health. Routine psychological and social assessments are recommended to prevent long-term distress by providing appropriate support.
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spelling doaj-art-ed8f350b5f054e218134453e8ef83ebd2025-08-20T02:08:14ZengMDPI AGChildren2227-90672024-10-011111132210.3390/children11111322Evaluation of Physical and Mental Health in Adults Who Underwent Limb-Lengthening Procedures with Circular External Fixators During Childhood or AdolescenceAlessandro Depaoli0Marina Magnani1Agnese Casamenti2Marco Ramella3Grazia Chiara Menozzi4Giovanni Gallone5Marianna Viotto6Gino Rocca7Giovanni Trisolino8Unit of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, ItalyUnit of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, ItalyUnit of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, ItalyUnit of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, ItalyUnit of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, ItalyUnit of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, ItalyUnit of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, ItalyUnit of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, ItalyUnit of Pediatric Orthopedics and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, ItalyBackground: Lower limb length discrepancy (LLD) in children and adolescents, often due to congenital or acquired conditions, is treated to achieve limb equality and alignment, optimizing function and minimizing cosmetic concerns for an active adulthood. This study evaluated the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) and physical functioning of adults who underwent unilateral limb lengthening with circular external fixators (EFs) in childhood. Methods: Fifty patients treated at a median age of 14.9 years completed the Short Form 36 (SF-36) and Stanmore Limb Reconstruction Score (SLRS) questionnaires in adulthood, with a median follow-up of 8.9 years. Results: Among the 50 patients, 38 underwent a single limb lengthening (21 tibia, 12 femur, 5 both), while 12 required multiple cycles. The median residual LLD was 0.4 cm, with 12 patients (24%) having over 2 cm. Complications occurred in 67% of procedures, mainly due to prolonged healing. Physical and mental health scores were significantly lower than normative data. The mean Physical Component Summary was 52.2 ± 7.2 (<i>p</i> = 0.20). The mean Mental Component Summary was 43.9 ± 8.6 (<i>p</i> = 0.001), notably lower in congenital LLD cases. Many SLRS items (Pain, Social, Physical Function, Work, and Emotions) strongly correlated with SF-36 items. Conclusions: Adults treated with distraction osteogenesis for congenital LLD show normal physical but lower mental health scores compared to peers. Lengthening procedure characteristics did not significantly impact mental health. Routine psychological and social assessments are recommended to prevent long-term distress by providing appropriate support.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/11/1322limb lengtheningIlizarovexternal fixationcongenitalpediatricpatient-reported outcomes
spellingShingle Alessandro Depaoli
Marina Magnani
Agnese Casamenti
Marco Ramella
Grazia Chiara Menozzi
Giovanni Gallone
Marianna Viotto
Gino Rocca
Giovanni Trisolino
Evaluation of Physical and Mental Health in Adults Who Underwent Limb-Lengthening Procedures with Circular External Fixators During Childhood or Adolescence
Children
limb lengthening
Ilizarov
external fixation
congenital
pediatric
patient-reported outcomes
title Evaluation of Physical and Mental Health in Adults Who Underwent Limb-Lengthening Procedures with Circular External Fixators During Childhood or Adolescence
title_full Evaluation of Physical and Mental Health in Adults Who Underwent Limb-Lengthening Procedures with Circular External Fixators During Childhood or Adolescence
title_fullStr Evaluation of Physical and Mental Health in Adults Who Underwent Limb-Lengthening Procedures with Circular External Fixators During Childhood or Adolescence
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of Physical and Mental Health in Adults Who Underwent Limb-Lengthening Procedures with Circular External Fixators During Childhood or Adolescence
title_short Evaluation of Physical and Mental Health in Adults Who Underwent Limb-Lengthening Procedures with Circular External Fixators During Childhood or Adolescence
title_sort evaluation of physical and mental health in adults who underwent limb lengthening procedures with circular external fixators during childhood or adolescence
topic limb lengthening
Ilizarov
external fixation
congenital
pediatric
patient-reported outcomes
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9067/11/11/1322
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