Rapid determination of sodium pentachlorophenate in bamboo and wooden cutting boards via ultrasonic-assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.
Sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP-Na) is a toxic preservative used in wood products, posing potential health risks through food contact materials. A rapid analytical method combining ultrasonic-assisted liquid-liquid extraction with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrome...
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2025-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326129 |
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| author | Ye Wang Mingyou Hu Fang Wang Juan Yu Guojian Shao |
| author_facet | Ye Wang Mingyou Hu Fang Wang Juan Yu Guojian Shao |
| author_sort | Ye Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP-Na) is a toxic preservative used in wood products, posing potential health risks through food contact materials. A rapid analytical method combining ultrasonic-assisted liquid-liquid extraction with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UA-LLE-UPLC-HRMS) was developed for the determination of PCP-Na residues in bamboo and wooden cutting boards. Sample pretreatment involved ultrasonic extraction using methanol/water (50:50 v/v, 2.0% ammonia), followed by liquid-liquid purification with n-hexane/ethyl acetate (60:40 v/v). After solvent evaporation under nitrogen, the residue was reconstituted in the initial mobile phase. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 µm) using a gradient elution of methanol and 0.01% ammoniated aqueous solution. Detection was performed in negative electrospray ionization (ESI-) mode with targeted single ion monitoring (Targeted-SIM) scanning, utilizing pentachlorophenol-13C6 (PCP-13C6) as an isotopically labeled internal standard. The method exhibited excellent linearity across a concentration range of 1.0-500.0 μg/L (R2 ≥ 0.999), with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 μg/kg and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.5 μg/kg. Validation studies at three spiking levels (20.0, 200.0, and 400.0 μg/kg) demonstrated satisfactory recoveries of 97.2%-99.7% and precision with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.8%-1.7% (n = 6). The total chromatographic runtime was optimized to 6 minutes. Application of this method to Seventy-five commercial cutting boards revealed PCP-Na residues in five samples, with concentrations ranging from 1.3 to 416 mg/kg. This approach features streamlined sample preparation, high sensitivity, robust accuracy, and rapid analysis, making it particularly suitable for routine monitoring of PCP-Na residues in bamboo and wooden food contact materials. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ed8f29eaa3734d5c8b2eb801d7470115 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-ed8f29eaa3734d5c8b2eb801d74701152025-08-20T03:22:07ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032025-01-01206e032612910.1371/journal.pone.0326129Rapid determination of sodium pentachlorophenate in bamboo and wooden cutting boards via ultrasonic-assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.Ye WangMingyou HuFang WangJuan YuGuojian ShaoSodium pentachlorophenate (PCP-Na) is a toxic preservative used in wood products, posing potential health risks through food contact materials. A rapid analytical method combining ultrasonic-assisted liquid-liquid extraction with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UA-LLE-UPLC-HRMS) was developed for the determination of PCP-Na residues in bamboo and wooden cutting boards. Sample pretreatment involved ultrasonic extraction using methanol/water (50:50 v/v, 2.0% ammonia), followed by liquid-liquid purification with n-hexane/ethyl acetate (60:40 v/v). After solvent evaporation under nitrogen, the residue was reconstituted in the initial mobile phase. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an Acquity UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 µm) using a gradient elution of methanol and 0.01% ammoniated aqueous solution. Detection was performed in negative electrospray ionization (ESI-) mode with targeted single ion monitoring (Targeted-SIM) scanning, utilizing pentachlorophenol-13C6 (PCP-13C6) as an isotopically labeled internal standard. The method exhibited excellent linearity across a concentration range of 1.0-500.0 μg/L (R2 ≥ 0.999), with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 μg/kg and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.5 μg/kg. Validation studies at three spiking levels (20.0, 200.0, and 400.0 μg/kg) demonstrated satisfactory recoveries of 97.2%-99.7% and precision with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 0.8%-1.7% (n = 6). The total chromatographic runtime was optimized to 6 minutes. Application of this method to Seventy-five commercial cutting boards revealed PCP-Na residues in five samples, with concentrations ranging from 1.3 to 416 mg/kg. This approach features streamlined sample preparation, high sensitivity, robust accuracy, and rapid analysis, making it particularly suitable for routine monitoring of PCP-Na residues in bamboo and wooden food contact materials.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326129 |
| spellingShingle | Ye Wang Mingyou Hu Fang Wang Juan Yu Guojian Shao Rapid determination of sodium pentachlorophenate in bamboo and wooden cutting boards via ultrasonic-assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. PLoS ONE |
| title | Rapid determination of sodium pentachlorophenate in bamboo and wooden cutting boards via ultrasonic-assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. |
| title_full | Rapid determination of sodium pentachlorophenate in bamboo and wooden cutting boards via ultrasonic-assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. |
| title_fullStr | Rapid determination of sodium pentachlorophenate in bamboo and wooden cutting boards via ultrasonic-assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rapid determination of sodium pentachlorophenate in bamboo and wooden cutting boards via ultrasonic-assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. |
| title_short | Rapid determination of sodium pentachlorophenate in bamboo and wooden cutting boards via ultrasonic-assisted liquid-liquid extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry. |
| title_sort | rapid determination of sodium pentachlorophenate in bamboo and wooden cutting boards via ultrasonic assisted liquid liquid extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326129 |
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