Extended Reality in Applied Sciences Education: A Systematic Review

Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Mixed Reality (MR) technologies—collectively known as Extended Reality (XR)—have ushered in a new era of immersive and interactive instruction in applied sciences education. This systematic literature review aims to examine the application of XR tech...

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Main Authors: Tien-Chi Huang, Hsin-Ping Tseng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/4038
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author Tien-Chi Huang
Hsin-Ping Tseng
author_facet Tien-Chi Huang
Hsin-Ping Tseng
author_sort Tien-Chi Huang
collection DOAJ
description Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Mixed Reality (MR) technologies—collectively known as Extended Reality (XR)—have ushered in a new era of immersive and interactive instruction in applied sciences education. This systematic literature review aims to examine the application of XR technologies across various scientific and educational domains, evaluate their impact on learning outcomes, and identify the challenges hindering their broader integration. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a literature search was conducted using Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and IEEE Xplore, focusing on empirical studies published between 1 January 2010 and 1 November 2024, resulting in the inclusion of 56 studies. Among these, 32 studies (53%) employed VR, 25 studies (42%) utilized AR, and 3 studies (5%) adopted MR, with 4 studies exploring the combined application of VR and AR. The findings indicate that VR is primarily applied in higher education settings, such as universities and graduate programs, whereas AR is more prevalent in primary and secondary education; although MR is less frequently used, it exhibits distinct advantages in disciplines requiring high interactivity and realism. Overall, each XR modality can enhance learning motivation, efficiency, and immediate knowledge acquisition in short-term interventions, while long-term implementation may contribute to improved memory retention, increased learner confidence, and sustained engagement. Despite persistent challenges—including high equipment costs, spatial and temporal constraints, small sample sizes, and insufficient longitudinal evidence—these findings underscore the transformative potential of XR technologies in applied sciences education.
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spelling doaj-art-ed7f12f68d6b4b7cb49a5290c3ab7dfe2025-08-20T03:06:20ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-04-01157403810.3390/app15074038Extended Reality in Applied Sciences Education: A Systematic ReviewTien-Chi Huang0Hsin-Ping Tseng1Department of Information Management, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 404, TaiwanDoctoral Program of Intelligent Engineering, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 404, TaiwanAugmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), and Mixed Reality (MR) technologies—collectively known as Extended Reality (XR)—have ushered in a new era of immersive and interactive instruction in applied sciences education. This systematic literature review aims to examine the application of XR technologies across various scientific and educational domains, evaluate their impact on learning outcomes, and identify the challenges hindering their broader integration. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a literature search was conducted using Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and IEEE Xplore, focusing on empirical studies published between 1 January 2010 and 1 November 2024, resulting in the inclusion of 56 studies. Among these, 32 studies (53%) employed VR, 25 studies (42%) utilized AR, and 3 studies (5%) adopted MR, with 4 studies exploring the combined application of VR and AR. The findings indicate that VR is primarily applied in higher education settings, such as universities and graduate programs, whereas AR is more prevalent in primary and secondary education; although MR is less frequently used, it exhibits distinct advantages in disciplines requiring high interactivity and realism. Overall, each XR modality can enhance learning motivation, efficiency, and immediate knowledge acquisition in short-term interventions, while long-term implementation may contribute to improved memory retention, increased learner confidence, and sustained engagement. Despite persistent challenges—including high equipment costs, spatial and temporal constraints, small sample sizes, and insufficient longitudinal evidence—these findings underscore the transformative potential of XR technologies in applied sciences education.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/4038extended realityvirtual realityaugmented realitymixed realityapplied sciences educationlearning outcomes
spellingShingle Tien-Chi Huang
Hsin-Ping Tseng
Extended Reality in Applied Sciences Education: A Systematic Review
Applied Sciences
extended reality
virtual reality
augmented reality
mixed reality
applied sciences education
learning outcomes
title Extended Reality in Applied Sciences Education: A Systematic Review
title_full Extended Reality in Applied Sciences Education: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Extended Reality in Applied Sciences Education: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Extended Reality in Applied Sciences Education: A Systematic Review
title_short Extended Reality in Applied Sciences Education: A Systematic Review
title_sort extended reality in applied sciences education a systematic review
topic extended reality
virtual reality
augmented reality
mixed reality
applied sciences education
learning outcomes
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/4038
work_keys_str_mv AT tienchihuang extendedrealityinappliedscienceseducationasystematicreview
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