Tailoring the synergistic effect of integrated polypyrrole hydrogel on the adsorption activity of rice husk-based activated carbon (polypyrrole/activated carbon composite) for bisphenol-A and 4-chlorophenol: experimental and theoretical analysis

Rice husk-derived activated carbon was hybridized with polypyrrole hydrogel (Pyh), producing advanced nanocomposite (Pyh/AC). The composite was applied as an enhanced adsorbent for two forms of toxic phenolic compounds, particularly bisphenol-A (BSP-A) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CL). The adsorption studi...

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Main Authors: Amna M. Farhan, Eman S. H. Khaled, Ahmed A. Abdel-Khalek, Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny, Wail Al Zoubi, Mostafa R. Abukhadra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1556887/full
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author Amna M. Farhan
Amna M. Farhan
Eman S. H. Khaled
Ahmed A. Abdel-Khalek
Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny
Wail Al Zoubi
Mostafa R. Abukhadra
Mostafa R. Abukhadra
author_facet Amna M. Farhan
Amna M. Farhan
Eman S. H. Khaled
Ahmed A. Abdel-Khalek
Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny
Wail Al Zoubi
Mostafa R. Abukhadra
Mostafa R. Abukhadra
author_sort Amna M. Farhan
collection DOAJ
description Rice husk-derived activated carbon was hybridized with polypyrrole hydrogel (Pyh), producing advanced nanocomposite (Pyh/AC). The composite was applied as an enhanced adsorbent for two forms of toxic phenolic compounds, particularly bisphenol-A (BSP-A) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CL). The adsorption studies were evaluated considering the synthetic effect of Pyh based on the criteria of statistical physics equilibrium modeling. The reported saturation adsorption capacities for BSP-A and 4-CL using Pyh/AC are 321.4 mg/g and 365.8 mg/g, respectively. These values are significantly higher than the estimated values for the hydrogel in separated form. The analysis of the steric properties validated the saturation of the composite with about 169.7 mg/g and 119.5 mg/g as active site density during the uptake of BSP-A and 4-CL, respectively. These values are higher than the estimated densities using Pyh (110.5 mg/g (BSP-A) and 99.3 mg/g (4-CL)), demonstrating the positive impact of the hybridization process in terms of surface area, porosity, and incorporated chemical functional groups. Furthermore, the capacity of each site on the structure of Pyh/AC to accommodate up to 3 molecules of BSP-A and 6 molecules of 4-CL displays the operation of multi-molecular mechanisms and the ordering of these adsorbed molecules vertically and in non-parallel forms. The adsorption energies, either based on classic (<21 kJ/mol) or advanced (<20 kJ/mol) isotherm studies, reflect the physisorption of the phenolic compounds on the surface of Pyh/AC. The composite also shows thermodynamically stable properties and the uptake reactions that occurred with exothermic, favorable, and spontaneous properties.
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spelling doaj-art-ed7c8dfbf4d246f4939a5a8dbbd009b32025-08-20T01:49:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology2296-41852025-03-011310.3389/fbioe.2025.15568871556887Tailoring the synergistic effect of integrated polypyrrole hydrogel on the adsorption activity of rice husk-based activated carbon (polypyrrole/activated carbon composite) for bisphenol-A and 4-chlorophenol: experimental and theoretical analysisAmna M. Farhan0Amna M. Farhan1Eman S. H. Khaled2Ahmed A. Abdel-Khalek3Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny4Wail Al Zoubi5Mostafa R. Abukhadra6Mostafa R. Abukhadra7Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptMaterials Technologies and their Applications Lab, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptIndustrial Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaMaterials Electrochemistry Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of KoreaMaterials Technologies and their Applications Lab, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, EgyptApplied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, JordanRice husk-derived activated carbon was hybridized with polypyrrole hydrogel (Pyh), producing advanced nanocomposite (Pyh/AC). The composite was applied as an enhanced adsorbent for two forms of toxic phenolic compounds, particularly bisphenol-A (BSP-A) and 4-chlorophenol (4-CL). The adsorption studies were evaluated considering the synthetic effect of Pyh based on the criteria of statistical physics equilibrium modeling. The reported saturation adsorption capacities for BSP-A and 4-CL using Pyh/AC are 321.4 mg/g and 365.8 mg/g, respectively. These values are significantly higher than the estimated values for the hydrogel in separated form. The analysis of the steric properties validated the saturation of the composite with about 169.7 mg/g and 119.5 mg/g as active site density during the uptake of BSP-A and 4-CL, respectively. These values are higher than the estimated densities using Pyh (110.5 mg/g (BSP-A) and 99.3 mg/g (4-CL)), demonstrating the positive impact of the hybridization process in terms of surface area, porosity, and incorporated chemical functional groups. Furthermore, the capacity of each site on the structure of Pyh/AC to accommodate up to 3 molecules of BSP-A and 6 molecules of 4-CL displays the operation of multi-molecular mechanisms and the ordering of these adsorbed molecules vertically and in non-parallel forms. The adsorption energies, either based on classic (<21 kJ/mol) or advanced (<20 kJ/mol) isotherm studies, reflect the physisorption of the phenolic compounds on the surface of Pyh/AC. The composite also shows thermodynamically stable properties and the uptake reactions that occurred with exothermic, favorable, and spontaneous properties.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1556887/fullactivated rice huskpolypyrrole hydrogelbisphenolchlorophenoladsorptionadvanced isotherm
spellingShingle Amna M. Farhan
Amna M. Farhan
Eman S. H. Khaled
Ahmed A. Abdel-Khalek
Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny
Wail Al Zoubi
Mostafa R. Abukhadra
Mostafa R. Abukhadra
Tailoring the synergistic effect of integrated polypyrrole hydrogel on the adsorption activity of rice husk-based activated carbon (polypyrrole/activated carbon composite) for bisphenol-A and 4-chlorophenol: experimental and theoretical analysis
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
activated rice husk
polypyrrole hydrogel
bisphenol
chlorophenol
adsorption
advanced isotherm
title Tailoring the synergistic effect of integrated polypyrrole hydrogel on the adsorption activity of rice husk-based activated carbon (polypyrrole/activated carbon composite) for bisphenol-A and 4-chlorophenol: experimental and theoretical analysis
title_full Tailoring the synergistic effect of integrated polypyrrole hydrogel on the adsorption activity of rice husk-based activated carbon (polypyrrole/activated carbon composite) for bisphenol-A and 4-chlorophenol: experimental and theoretical analysis
title_fullStr Tailoring the synergistic effect of integrated polypyrrole hydrogel on the adsorption activity of rice husk-based activated carbon (polypyrrole/activated carbon composite) for bisphenol-A and 4-chlorophenol: experimental and theoretical analysis
title_full_unstemmed Tailoring the synergistic effect of integrated polypyrrole hydrogel on the adsorption activity of rice husk-based activated carbon (polypyrrole/activated carbon composite) for bisphenol-A and 4-chlorophenol: experimental and theoretical analysis
title_short Tailoring the synergistic effect of integrated polypyrrole hydrogel on the adsorption activity of rice husk-based activated carbon (polypyrrole/activated carbon composite) for bisphenol-A and 4-chlorophenol: experimental and theoretical analysis
title_sort tailoring the synergistic effect of integrated polypyrrole hydrogel on the adsorption activity of rice husk based activated carbon polypyrrole activated carbon composite for bisphenol a and 4 chlorophenol experimental and theoretical analysis
topic activated rice husk
polypyrrole hydrogel
bisphenol
chlorophenol
adsorption
advanced isotherm
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbioe.2025.1556887/full
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