Potential Probiotic <i>Bacillus</i> Strains with Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Activity Increased Weight Gain and Altered <i>hsp70</i>, <i>cxc</i>, <i>tnfα</i>, <i>il1β</i>, and <i>lysC</i> Gene Expression in <i>Clarias gariepinus</i>
The potential probiotic properties of three <i>Bacillus</i> strains were studied. A probiotic supplement for the African catfish <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> was produced via the solid-state fermentation protocol and incorporated into the fish feed for a period of seven weeks. S...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Fishes |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/12/476 |
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| Summary: | The potential probiotic properties of three <i>Bacillus</i> strains were studied. A probiotic supplement for the African catfish <i>Clarias gariepinus</i> was produced via the solid-state fermentation protocol and incorporated into the fish feed for a period of seven weeks. Since the 36th day of the experiment, all experimental groups had a statistically significant increase in their weight gain than the control group. The maximum weight gain observed in fish fed the probiotic-supplemented feed was 29.16% higher than that of the control group, and the maximum feed conversion rate improvement was 24%. Cell-free extracts from these strains showed antioxidant (11.55–27.40%) and DNA-protective (45.33–61.83%) activity in a series of in vitro biosensor tests. Further investigation into the antimutagenic activity of the strains revealed that two of them reduced the level of induced mutagenesis in an <i>Escherichia coli</i> model (by 33.58% and 54.35%, respectively). We also assessed the impact of probiotic strains on the expression of several key genes in the host (<i>C. gariepinus</i>), including <i>hsp70</i>, <i>cxc</i>, <i>tnfα</i>, <i>il1β</i>, and <i>lysC</i>. More than a 10-fold increase in expression rates was observed for <i>hsp70</i> in gonads and liver; for <i>cxc</i> in muscles and gonads; for <i>tnfα</i> in brain, gills, and liver; for <i>il1β</i> in the brain, gills, gonads, and liver; and for <i>lysC</i> in gills, gonads, liver, and muscles. This study provides evidence that probiotics exhibiting antioxidant and antimutagenic properties can provide significant benefits in vivo within aquaculture systems. The molecular effects of these probiotics appear to be complex and tissue-specific, with both upregulation and downregulation of immune system genes observed. Nevertheless, at the organismal level, the impact was unequivocally positive in terms of aquaculture objectives, manifested as enhanced body weight gain in the fish. Consequently, these <i>Bacillus</i> strains warrant serious consideration as potential probiotics for this species. |
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| ISSN: | 2410-3888 |