COVID-19 clinical phenotypes in vaccinated and nonvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients: a multicenter validation study

Abstract Clinical phenotypes of COVID-19, associated with mortality risk, have been identified in the general population. The present study assesses their applicability in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) hospital-admitted by COVID-19. In a cohort of 488 SOTR, nonvaccinated (n = 394) and vac...

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Main Authors: Carmen Infante-Domínguez, Sonsoles Salto-Alejandre, Rocío Álvarez-Marín, Nuria Sabé, Antonio Ramos-Martínez, Asunción Moreno, Kamilla Ferreira de Moraes, Zaira R. Palacios-Baena, Patricia Muñoz, Mario Fernández-Ruiz, Marino Blanes, Carmen Fariñas, Elisa Vidal, Esperanza Merino de Lucas, Márcia Halpern, Román Hernández-Gallego, Matteo Bassetti, Alessandra Mularoni, Alex Gutiérrez-Dalmau, Matteo Rinaldi, Silvia Jiménez-Jorge, Marta Bodro, Luis Fernando Aranha-Camargo, Maricela Valerio, Javier Sánchez-Céspedes, Belén Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez, Maddalena Giannella, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, Jerónimo Pachón, Elisa Cordero, The COVIDSOT, ORCHESTRA Working Teams
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Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-12-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81099-2
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author Carmen Infante-Domínguez
Sonsoles Salto-Alejandre
Rocío Álvarez-Marín
Nuria Sabé
Antonio Ramos-Martínez
Asunción Moreno
Kamilla Ferreira de Moraes
Zaira R. Palacios-Baena
Patricia Muñoz
Mario Fernández-Ruiz
Marino Blanes
Carmen Fariñas
Elisa Vidal
Esperanza Merino de Lucas
Márcia Halpern
Román Hernández-Gallego
Matteo Bassetti
Alessandra Mularoni
Alex Gutiérrez-Dalmau
Matteo Rinaldi
Silvia Jiménez-Jorge
Marta Bodro
Luis Fernando Aranha-Camargo
Maricela Valerio
Javier Sánchez-Céspedes
Belén Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
Maddalena Giannella
Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
Jerónimo Pachón
Elisa Cordero
The COVIDSOT, ORCHESTRA Working Teams
author_facet Carmen Infante-Domínguez
Sonsoles Salto-Alejandre
Rocío Álvarez-Marín
Nuria Sabé
Antonio Ramos-Martínez
Asunción Moreno
Kamilla Ferreira de Moraes
Zaira R. Palacios-Baena
Patricia Muñoz
Mario Fernández-Ruiz
Marino Blanes
Carmen Fariñas
Elisa Vidal
Esperanza Merino de Lucas
Márcia Halpern
Román Hernández-Gallego
Matteo Bassetti
Alessandra Mularoni
Alex Gutiérrez-Dalmau
Matteo Rinaldi
Silvia Jiménez-Jorge
Marta Bodro
Luis Fernando Aranha-Camargo
Maricela Valerio
Javier Sánchez-Céspedes
Belén Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
Maddalena Giannella
Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
Jerónimo Pachón
Elisa Cordero
The COVIDSOT, ORCHESTRA Working Teams
author_sort Carmen Infante-Domínguez
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Clinical phenotypes of COVID-19, associated with mortality risk, have been identified in the general population. The present study assesses their applicability in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) hospital-admitted by COVID-19. In a cohort of 488 SOTR, nonvaccinated (n = 394) and vaccinated (n = 94) against SARS-CoV-2, we evaluated 16 demographic, clinical, analytical, and radiological variables to identify the clinical phenotypes A, B, and C. The median age was 61.0 (51–69) years, 330 (67.6%) and 158 (32.4%) were men and women, respectively, 415 (85%) had pneumonia, and 161 (33%) had SpO2 < 95% at admission. All-cause mortality occurred in 105 (21.5%) cases. It was higher in nonvaccinated versus vaccinated SOTR (23.4% vs 13.8%, P = 0.04). Patients in the entire cohort were classified into phenotypes A (n = 149, 30.5%), B (n = 187, 38.3%), and C (n = 152, 31.1%), with mortality rates of 8.7%, 16.6%, and 40.1%, respectively, which were similar to those of nonvaccinated SOTR (9.5%, 16.7%, and 52.0%) and lower in vaccinated SOTR (4.4%, 15.8%, and 17.3%, respectively), with difference between nonvaccinated and vaccinated in the phenotype C (P < 0.001). In conclusion, COVID-19 clinical phenotypes are useful in SOTR, and all-cause mortality decreases in vaccinated patients.
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spelling doaj-art-ed6fb698d29b4e1499dcaff9b14f16ae2025-08-20T02:31:00ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-12-0114111310.1038/s41598-024-81099-2COVID-19 clinical phenotypes in vaccinated and nonvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients: a multicenter validation studyCarmen Infante-Domínguez0Sonsoles Salto-Alejandre1Rocío Álvarez-Marín2Nuria Sabé3Antonio Ramos-Martínez4Asunción Moreno5Kamilla Ferreira de Moraes6Zaira R. Palacios-Baena7Patricia Muñoz8Mario Fernández-Ruiz9Marino Blanes10Carmen Fariñas11Elisa Vidal12Esperanza Merino de Lucas13Márcia Halpern14Román Hernández-Gallego15Matteo Bassetti16Alessandra Mularoni17Alex Gutiérrez-Dalmau18Matteo Rinaldi19Silvia Jiménez-Jorge20Marta Bodro21Luis Fernando Aranha-Camargo22Maricela Valerio23Javier Sánchez-Céspedes24Belén Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez25Maddalena Giannella26Jesús Rodríguez-Baño27Jerónimo Pachón28Elisa Cordero29The COVIDSOT, ORCHESTRA Working TeamsClinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital /CSIC/University of SevilleClinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital /CSIC/University of SevilleClinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital /CSIC/University of SevilleCIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIUnit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology, and Preventive Medicine. Hospital, Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda-IDIPHISAService of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS. University of BarcelonaHospital Israelita Albert EinsteinCIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIClinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERES, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de MadridCIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIUnit of Infectious Diseases, La Fe University HospitalCIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIICIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIUnit of Infectious Diseases, Alicante General University Hospital, Alicante Institute of Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL)Liver Transplantation Program, Quinta D’Or HospitalUnit of Kidney Transplant, Service of Nephrology, Badajoz University HospitalInfectious Diseases Clinic, Policlinico San Martino Hospital-IRCCS, Department of Health Science, University of GenoaUnit of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, ISMETT-IRCCS-Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere ScientificoRenal Transplant Unit, Nephrology Service, Miguel Servet University Hospital, Aragón Institute for Health Research IIS-AragónDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaClinical Research and Clinical Trials Unit (CTU), Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital/CSIC/University of SevilleService of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic-IDIBAPS. University of BarcelonaHospital Israelita Albert EinsteinClinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), CIBERES, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de MadridClinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital /CSIC/University of SevilleCIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIDepartment of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaCIBERINFEC, ISCIII-CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIDepartment of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of SevilleClinical Unit of Infectious Diseases, Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Virgen del Rocío University Hospital /CSIC/University of SevilleAbstract Clinical phenotypes of COVID-19, associated with mortality risk, have been identified in the general population. The present study assesses their applicability in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) hospital-admitted by COVID-19. In a cohort of 488 SOTR, nonvaccinated (n = 394) and vaccinated (n = 94) against SARS-CoV-2, we evaluated 16 demographic, clinical, analytical, and radiological variables to identify the clinical phenotypes A, B, and C. The median age was 61.0 (51–69) years, 330 (67.6%) and 158 (32.4%) were men and women, respectively, 415 (85%) had pneumonia, and 161 (33%) had SpO2 < 95% at admission. All-cause mortality occurred in 105 (21.5%) cases. It was higher in nonvaccinated versus vaccinated SOTR (23.4% vs 13.8%, P = 0.04). Patients in the entire cohort were classified into phenotypes A (n = 149, 30.5%), B (n = 187, 38.3%), and C (n = 152, 31.1%), with mortality rates of 8.7%, 16.6%, and 40.1%, respectively, which were similar to those of nonvaccinated SOTR (9.5%, 16.7%, and 52.0%) and lower in vaccinated SOTR (4.4%, 15.8%, and 17.3%, respectively), with difference between nonvaccinated and vaccinated in the phenotype C (P < 0.001). In conclusion, COVID-19 clinical phenotypes are useful in SOTR, and all-cause mortality decreases in vaccinated patients.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81099-2Solid organ transplant recipientsCOVID-19Clinical phenotypesMortalityMulticenter cohort study
spellingShingle Carmen Infante-Domínguez
Sonsoles Salto-Alejandre
Rocío Álvarez-Marín
Nuria Sabé
Antonio Ramos-Martínez
Asunción Moreno
Kamilla Ferreira de Moraes
Zaira R. Palacios-Baena
Patricia Muñoz
Mario Fernández-Ruiz
Marino Blanes
Carmen Fariñas
Elisa Vidal
Esperanza Merino de Lucas
Márcia Halpern
Román Hernández-Gallego
Matteo Bassetti
Alessandra Mularoni
Alex Gutiérrez-Dalmau
Matteo Rinaldi
Silvia Jiménez-Jorge
Marta Bodro
Luis Fernando Aranha-Camargo
Maricela Valerio
Javier Sánchez-Céspedes
Belén Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
Maddalena Giannella
Jesús Rodríguez-Baño
Jerónimo Pachón
Elisa Cordero
The COVIDSOT, ORCHESTRA Working Teams
COVID-19 clinical phenotypes in vaccinated and nonvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients: a multicenter validation study
Scientific Reports
Solid organ transplant recipients
COVID-19
Clinical phenotypes
Mortality
Multicenter cohort study
title COVID-19 clinical phenotypes in vaccinated and nonvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients: a multicenter validation study
title_full COVID-19 clinical phenotypes in vaccinated and nonvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients: a multicenter validation study
title_fullStr COVID-19 clinical phenotypes in vaccinated and nonvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients: a multicenter validation study
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19 clinical phenotypes in vaccinated and nonvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients: a multicenter validation study
title_short COVID-19 clinical phenotypes in vaccinated and nonvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients: a multicenter validation study
title_sort covid 19 clinical phenotypes in vaccinated and nonvaccinated solid organ transplant recipients a multicenter validation study
topic Solid organ transplant recipients
COVID-19
Clinical phenotypes
Mortality
Multicenter cohort study
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-81099-2
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