Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Minimal-Damage Cotton Topping Device

Cotton topping is a crucial aspect of cotton production, inhibiting apical dominance in cotton plants. Existing cotton topping machinery often results in over-topping. To address this challenge, the characteristics of manual topping operations were emulated by incorporating bionic principles to anal...

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Main Authors: Yang Xu, Changjie Han, Shilong Qiu, Jia You, Jing Zhang, Yan Luo, Bin Hu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Agriculture
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2341
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author Yang Xu
Changjie Han
Shilong Qiu
Jia You
Jing Zhang
Yan Luo
Bin Hu
author_facet Yang Xu
Changjie Han
Shilong Qiu
Jia You
Jing Zhang
Yan Luo
Bin Hu
author_sort Yang Xu
collection DOAJ
description Cotton topping is a crucial aspect of cotton production, inhibiting apical dominance in cotton plants. Existing cotton topping machinery often results in over-topping. To address this challenge, the characteristics of manual topping operations were emulated by incorporating bionic principles to analyze the motions involved. Studying the artificial topping action and the trajectory of hand movements led to the design of a bionic topping manipulator and a trajectory-generating mechanism, serving as the core component of the cotton topping device. A flat-bottomed follower disc cam mechanism was used to facilitate the automatic opening and closing of the manipulator. The cam’s working area was divided, its contour curve selected, and the manipulator’s pulling spring’s action point and length determined. Subsequently, parametric equations for the motion trajectory of the bionic topping manipulator were established. Building on the topping mechanism’s working principle, a mechanical model was developed to analyze the swing of cotton plants. The model demonstrates that the displacement at the free end of the stalk was primarily influenced by its length. A lifter was then designed to reduce plant swing amplitude and orderly distribute its top position. The designed prototype of a single-row cotton bionic topping device was tested and verified through orthogonal tests, using operating speed, rotational speed, and topping depth as test factors. The topping rate and over-topping rate served as the indices for testing. The results indicated an average topping rate of 78.67% and an over-topping rate of 8%. This was achieved at a 0.3 m/s operating speed, a 40 r/min rotational speed, and a 110 mm topping depth. Cotton topping devices demonstrated greater effectiveness in minimizing damage to cotton plants, and future research should focus on enhancing topping rates even further. This study provides a theoretical foundation and test data to support the design of cotton topping machinery, guiding future mechanical improvements and agricultural practices.
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spelling doaj-art-ed69e130b02f4d26890413f5e336c7af2025-08-20T02:01:05ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722024-12-011412234110.3390/agriculture14122341Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Minimal-Damage Cotton Topping DeviceYang Xu0Changjie Han1Shilong Qiu2Jia You3Jing Zhang4Yan Luo5Bin Hu6College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, ChinaCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaCotton topping is a crucial aspect of cotton production, inhibiting apical dominance in cotton plants. Existing cotton topping machinery often results in over-topping. To address this challenge, the characteristics of manual topping operations were emulated by incorporating bionic principles to analyze the motions involved. Studying the artificial topping action and the trajectory of hand movements led to the design of a bionic topping manipulator and a trajectory-generating mechanism, serving as the core component of the cotton topping device. A flat-bottomed follower disc cam mechanism was used to facilitate the automatic opening and closing of the manipulator. The cam’s working area was divided, its contour curve selected, and the manipulator’s pulling spring’s action point and length determined. Subsequently, parametric equations for the motion trajectory of the bionic topping manipulator were established. Building on the topping mechanism’s working principle, a mechanical model was developed to analyze the swing of cotton plants. The model demonstrates that the displacement at the free end of the stalk was primarily influenced by its length. A lifter was then designed to reduce plant swing amplitude and orderly distribute its top position. The designed prototype of a single-row cotton bionic topping device was tested and verified through orthogonal tests, using operating speed, rotational speed, and topping depth as test factors. The topping rate and over-topping rate served as the indices for testing. The results indicated an average topping rate of 78.67% and an over-topping rate of 8%. This was achieved at a 0.3 m/s operating speed, a 40 r/min rotational speed, and a 110 mm topping depth. Cotton topping devices demonstrated greater effectiveness in minimizing damage to cotton plants, and future research should focus on enhancing topping rates even further. This study provides a theoretical foundation and test data to support the design of cotton topping machinery, guiding future mechanical improvements and agricultural practices.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2341cottontoppingbionicdesignmechanical modeltopping rate
spellingShingle Yang Xu
Changjie Han
Shilong Qiu
Jia You
Jing Zhang
Yan Luo
Bin Hu
Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Minimal-Damage Cotton Topping Device
Agriculture
cotton
topping
bionic
design
mechanical model
topping rate
title Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Minimal-Damage Cotton Topping Device
title_full Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Minimal-Damage Cotton Topping Device
title_fullStr Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Minimal-Damage Cotton Topping Device
title_full_unstemmed Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Minimal-Damage Cotton Topping Device
title_short Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Minimal-Damage Cotton Topping Device
title_sort design and experimental evaluation of a minimal damage cotton topping device
topic cotton
topping
bionic
design
mechanical model
topping rate
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/12/2341
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