Variation in CBC-Derived Inflammatory Biomarkers Across Histologic Subtypes of Lung Cancer: Can Histology Guide Clinical Management?

<b>Background/Objectives</b>: The early detection of high levels of CBC-derived inflammatory biomarkers and cellular lines, as well as their variations across different histological subtypes of lung cancer, may aid in the early identification of high-risk lung cancer patients and further...

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Main Authors: Claudia Raluca Mariean, Oana Mirela Tiuca, Alexandru Mariean, Ovidiu Simion Cotoi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Diagnostics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/11/1437
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author Claudia Raluca Mariean
Oana Mirela Tiuca
Alexandru Mariean
Ovidiu Simion Cotoi
author_facet Claudia Raluca Mariean
Oana Mirela Tiuca
Alexandru Mariean
Ovidiu Simion Cotoi
author_sort Claudia Raluca Mariean
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background/Objectives</b>: The early detection of high levels of CBC-derived inflammatory biomarkers and cellular lines, as well as their variations across different histological subtypes of lung cancer, may aid in the early identification of high-risk lung cancer patients and further guide their clinical approach. <b>Methods</b>: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted and included 202 patients diagnosed with lung carcinoma at the Clinical County Hospital Mureș. The main analyzed parameters were the histological subtype and the stage of the tumor at diagnosis, white blood cell counts, and platelet counts, as well as nine CBC-derived inflammatory indexes like neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (d-NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), eosinophil-to-neutrophil ratio (ENR), eosinophil-to-monocyte ratio (EMR), systemic inflammatory index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI). The statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc software, version 23.0.2. Logarithmic ANOVA was used to compare groups. Normality was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk test. The Chi-square test compared categorical variables, while the independent Mann-Whitney test was used for continuous variables. <b>Results</b>: The inflammatory response increased as disease severity progressed, with NSCLC-NOS being the histological subtype with the most numerous patients outside the normal ranges. Eosinophil count differed significantly across the histologic subtypes of NSCLC, with adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous patients exhibiting the highest values. In adenocarcinoma patients, we observed that NLR and MLR levels increased progressively as the tumor stage advanced. Based on severity, differences were observed across the histological subtypes of lung cancer in stage III patients for ENR, EMR, AISI, eosinophil count, and platelet count, as well as in stage IV patients for AISI, SIRI, and SII. Disease severity impacts the associated inflammatory response in all histologic subtypes of lung cancer to varying degrees. <b>Conclusions</b>: Histological subtype might have a decisive role in shaping the systemic inflammatory profile of lung cancer patients. CBC-derived indices serve as accessible, cost-effective biomarkers for early risk assessment, aiding in the prognosis evaluation and monitoring of therapeutic response. Future studies are needed to further evaluate the histology-specific inflammatory profiles as adjunctive tools in precision oncology.
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spelling doaj-art-ed640604a99344eea21fe1c7aa74bc3d2025-08-20T02:33:01ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-06-011511143710.3390/diagnostics15111437Variation in CBC-Derived Inflammatory Biomarkers Across Histologic Subtypes of Lung Cancer: Can Histology Guide Clinical Management?Claudia Raluca Mariean0Oana Mirela Tiuca1Alexandru Mariean2Ovidiu Simion Cotoi3Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mureș, 540142 Targu Mureș, RomaniaDermatology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mureș, 540142 Targu Mureș, RomaniaPulmonology Clinic, Mures Clinical County Hospital, 540103 Targu Mureș, RomaniaPathophysiology Department, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mureș, 540142 Targu Mureș, Romania<b>Background/Objectives</b>: The early detection of high levels of CBC-derived inflammatory biomarkers and cellular lines, as well as their variations across different histological subtypes of lung cancer, may aid in the early identification of high-risk lung cancer patients and further guide their clinical approach. <b>Methods</b>: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted and included 202 patients diagnosed with lung carcinoma at the Clinical County Hospital Mureș. The main analyzed parameters were the histological subtype and the stage of the tumor at diagnosis, white blood cell counts, and platelet counts, as well as nine CBC-derived inflammatory indexes like neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (d-NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), eosinophil-to-neutrophil ratio (ENR), eosinophil-to-monocyte ratio (EMR), systemic inflammatory index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI). The statistical analysis was performed using the MedCalc software, version 23.0.2. Logarithmic ANOVA was used to compare groups. Normality was tested using the Shapiro–Wilk test. The Chi-square test compared categorical variables, while the independent Mann-Whitney test was used for continuous variables. <b>Results</b>: The inflammatory response increased as disease severity progressed, with NSCLC-NOS being the histological subtype with the most numerous patients outside the normal ranges. Eosinophil count differed significantly across the histologic subtypes of NSCLC, with adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous patients exhibiting the highest values. In adenocarcinoma patients, we observed that NLR and MLR levels increased progressively as the tumor stage advanced. Based on severity, differences were observed across the histological subtypes of lung cancer in stage III patients for ENR, EMR, AISI, eosinophil count, and platelet count, as well as in stage IV patients for AISI, SIRI, and SII. Disease severity impacts the associated inflammatory response in all histologic subtypes of lung cancer to varying degrees. <b>Conclusions</b>: Histological subtype might have a decisive role in shaping the systemic inflammatory profile of lung cancer patients. CBC-derived indices serve as accessible, cost-effective biomarkers for early risk assessment, aiding in the prognosis evaluation and monitoring of therapeutic response. Future studies are needed to further evaluate the histology-specific inflammatory profiles as adjunctive tools in precision oncology.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/11/1437lung cancerhistologic subtypessystemic inflammationCBC-derived biomarkerssmoking statusCOPD
spellingShingle Claudia Raluca Mariean
Oana Mirela Tiuca
Alexandru Mariean
Ovidiu Simion Cotoi
Variation in CBC-Derived Inflammatory Biomarkers Across Histologic Subtypes of Lung Cancer: Can Histology Guide Clinical Management?
Diagnostics
lung cancer
histologic subtypes
systemic inflammation
CBC-derived biomarkers
smoking status
COPD
title Variation in CBC-Derived Inflammatory Biomarkers Across Histologic Subtypes of Lung Cancer: Can Histology Guide Clinical Management?
title_full Variation in CBC-Derived Inflammatory Biomarkers Across Histologic Subtypes of Lung Cancer: Can Histology Guide Clinical Management?
title_fullStr Variation in CBC-Derived Inflammatory Biomarkers Across Histologic Subtypes of Lung Cancer: Can Histology Guide Clinical Management?
title_full_unstemmed Variation in CBC-Derived Inflammatory Biomarkers Across Histologic Subtypes of Lung Cancer: Can Histology Guide Clinical Management?
title_short Variation in CBC-Derived Inflammatory Biomarkers Across Histologic Subtypes of Lung Cancer: Can Histology Guide Clinical Management?
title_sort variation in cbc derived inflammatory biomarkers across histologic subtypes of lung cancer can histology guide clinical management
topic lung cancer
histologic subtypes
systemic inflammation
CBC-derived biomarkers
smoking status
COPD
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/11/1437
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