UC-MSCs Secretome Induces Proliferation of CD4+ T Cells, CD8+ T Cells, NK Cells, and Increases sPD-1 Levels in Severe COVID-19’s Whole Blood

Background: Clinical features of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predominantly include respiratory symptoms and exacerbated multi-organ complications, especially in patients with comorbidities. Cellular immunity, including lymphocytes, is a critical factor in combating SARS-CoV-2 infectio...

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Main Authors: Winna Soleha, Heri Wibowo, Murdani Abdullah, Saraswati Pradipta, Lucky Novita Syari, Isabella Kurnia Liem, Arleni Bustami, Anna Rozaliyan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute 2025-03-01
Series:MCBS (Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences)
Online Access:https://cellbiopharm.com/ojs/index.php/MCBS/article/view/538
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author Winna Soleha
Heri Wibowo
Murdani Abdullah
Saraswati Pradipta
Lucky Novita Syari
Isabella Kurnia Liem
Arleni Bustami
Anna Rozaliyan
author_facet Winna Soleha
Heri Wibowo
Murdani Abdullah
Saraswati Pradipta
Lucky Novita Syari
Isabella Kurnia Liem
Arleni Bustami
Anna Rozaliyan
author_sort Winna Soleha
collection DOAJ
description Background: Clinical features of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predominantly include respiratory symptoms and exacerbated multi-organ complications, especially in patients with comorbidities. Cellular immunity, including lymphocytes, is a critical factor in combating SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, immune dysregulation occurs in severe COVID-19 patients, characterized by cytokine storm and lymphopenia. The effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies for COVID-19 is being assessed. The secretome released by MSC functions similarly to the cells themselves as an immunomodulator, offering potential advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness. This study was conducted to assess the effect of umbilical cord MSC-derived (UC-MSC) secretome treatment on lymphocyte count and soluble programmed cell death-1 (sPD-1) levels in severe COVID-19 patient's whole blood. Materials and methods: Twelve whole blood samples from healthy individuals and severe COVID-19 patients were analyzed for lymphocyte count and functional activation using flow cytometry, along with sPD-1 level measurement in pre-treatment and post-secretome conditions. Results: The lymphocyte count in severe COVID-19 patients was significantly decreased, particularly for T cells and NK cells, indicating lymphopenia. Following secretome treatment, CD4+ T cell counts significantly increased compared to pre-treatment, although this change was not significant in the negative control group. Additionally, there was a minimal reduction in B cell count and an increase in sPD-1 levels. Elevated sPD-1 may alleviate T cell exhaustion by interfering with PD-1 binding to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Conclusion: Administration of UC-MSC secretome to the whole blood of severe COVID-19 patients suggested immune improvement, with significant increases in CD4+ T cell counts, enhanced B cell survival, and elevated sPD-1 levels.  Keywords: COVID-19, cellular immunity, lymphocytes, secretome, MSC
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institution OA Journals
issn 2527-4384
2527-3442
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publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Cell and BioPharmaceutical Institute
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series MCBS (Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences)
spelling doaj-art-ed60dac07a1844e793fc1094706de5742025-08-20T02:17:46ZengCell and BioPharmaceutical InstituteMCBS (Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences)2527-43842527-34422025-03-0191394710.21705/mcbs.v9i1.538151UC-MSCs Secretome Induces Proliferation of CD4+ T Cells, CD8+ T Cells, NK Cells, and Increases sPD-1 Levels in Severe COVID-19’s Whole BloodWinna Soleha0Heri Wibowo1Murdani Abdullah2Saraswati Pradipta3Lucky Novita Syari4Isabella Kurnia Liem5Arleni Bustami6Anna Rozaliyan7Master’s Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, JakartaDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, JakartaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, JakartaIntegrated Laboratory of Medical Faculty, Universitas Indonesia, JakartaIntegrated Laboratory of Medical Faculty, Universitas Indonesia, JakartaDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, JakartaMaster’s Programme in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, JakartaDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, JakartaBackground: Clinical features of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) predominantly include respiratory symptoms and exacerbated multi-organ complications, especially in patients with comorbidities. Cellular immunity, including lymphocytes, is a critical factor in combating SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, immune dysregulation occurs in severe COVID-19 patients, characterized by cytokine storm and lymphopenia. The effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapies for COVID-19 is being assessed. The secretome released by MSC functions similarly to the cells themselves as an immunomodulator, offering potential advantages in terms of safety and cost-effectiveness. This study was conducted to assess the effect of umbilical cord MSC-derived (UC-MSC) secretome treatment on lymphocyte count and soluble programmed cell death-1 (sPD-1) levels in severe COVID-19 patient's whole blood. Materials and methods: Twelve whole blood samples from healthy individuals and severe COVID-19 patients were analyzed for lymphocyte count and functional activation using flow cytometry, along with sPD-1 level measurement in pre-treatment and post-secretome conditions. Results: The lymphocyte count in severe COVID-19 patients was significantly decreased, particularly for T cells and NK cells, indicating lymphopenia. Following secretome treatment, CD4+ T cell counts significantly increased compared to pre-treatment, although this change was not significant in the negative control group. Additionally, there was a minimal reduction in B cell count and an increase in sPD-1 levels. Elevated sPD-1 may alleviate T cell exhaustion by interfering with PD-1 binding to programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). Conclusion: Administration of UC-MSC secretome to the whole blood of severe COVID-19 patients suggested immune improvement, with significant increases in CD4+ T cell counts, enhanced B cell survival, and elevated sPD-1 levels.  Keywords: COVID-19, cellular immunity, lymphocytes, secretome, MSChttps://cellbiopharm.com/ojs/index.php/MCBS/article/view/538
spellingShingle Winna Soleha
Heri Wibowo
Murdani Abdullah
Saraswati Pradipta
Lucky Novita Syari
Isabella Kurnia Liem
Arleni Bustami
Anna Rozaliyan
UC-MSCs Secretome Induces Proliferation of CD4+ T Cells, CD8+ T Cells, NK Cells, and Increases sPD-1 Levels in Severe COVID-19’s Whole Blood
MCBS (Molecular and Cellular Biomedical Sciences)
title UC-MSCs Secretome Induces Proliferation of CD4+ T Cells, CD8+ T Cells, NK Cells, and Increases sPD-1 Levels in Severe COVID-19’s Whole Blood
title_full UC-MSCs Secretome Induces Proliferation of CD4+ T Cells, CD8+ T Cells, NK Cells, and Increases sPD-1 Levels in Severe COVID-19’s Whole Blood
title_fullStr UC-MSCs Secretome Induces Proliferation of CD4+ T Cells, CD8+ T Cells, NK Cells, and Increases sPD-1 Levels in Severe COVID-19’s Whole Blood
title_full_unstemmed UC-MSCs Secretome Induces Proliferation of CD4+ T Cells, CD8+ T Cells, NK Cells, and Increases sPD-1 Levels in Severe COVID-19’s Whole Blood
title_short UC-MSCs Secretome Induces Proliferation of CD4+ T Cells, CD8+ T Cells, NK Cells, and Increases sPD-1 Levels in Severe COVID-19’s Whole Blood
title_sort uc mscs secretome induces proliferation of cd4 t cells cd8 t cells nk cells and increases spd 1 levels in severe covid 19 s whole blood
url https://cellbiopharm.com/ojs/index.php/MCBS/article/view/538
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