Characterization of Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogeny of Three Echeneidae Species

Species of the family Echeneidae are renowned for their capacity to adhere to various hosts using a sucking disc. This study aimed to examine the mitochondrial genome characteristics of three fish species (<i>Echeneis naucrates</i>, <i>Remora albescens</i>, and <i>Remor...

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Main Authors: Fenglin Wang, Chenghao Jia, Tianxiang Gao, Xingle Guo, Xiumei Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Animals
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/1/81
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author Fenglin Wang
Chenghao Jia
Tianxiang Gao
Xingle Guo
Xiumei Zhang
author_facet Fenglin Wang
Chenghao Jia
Tianxiang Gao
Xingle Guo
Xiumei Zhang
author_sort Fenglin Wang
collection DOAJ
description Species of the family Echeneidae are renowned for their capacity to adhere to various hosts using a sucking disc. This study aimed to examine the mitochondrial genome characteristics of three fish species (<i>Echeneis naucrates</i>, <i>Remora albescens</i>, and <i>Remora remora</i>) within the family Echeneidae and determine their phylogenetic relationships. The findings revealed that the mitochondrial genome lengths of the three species were 16,611 bp, 16,648 bp, and 16,623 bp, respectively, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and a D-loop region. Most PCGs utilized ATG as the initiation codon, while only <i>cox I</i> used the GTG as the initiation codon. Additionally, seven genes employed incomplete termination codons (T and TA). The majority of PCGs in the three species displayed negative AT-skew and GC-skew values, with the GC-skew amplitude being greater than the AT-skew. The Ka/Ks ratios of the 13 PCGs did not exceed 1, demonstrating these species had been subjected to purification selection. Furthermore, only <i>tRNA-Ser</i> (GCT) lacked the D arm, while other tRNAs exhibited a typical cloverleaf secondary structure. Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods were utilized to construct a phylogenetic tree of the three species based on the 13 PCGs. <i>Remora remora</i> was identified as a distinct group, while <i>R. osteochir</i> and <i>R. brachyptera</i> were classified as sister taxa. This study contributes to the mitochondrial genome database of the family Echeneidae and provides a solid foundation for further systematic classification research in this fish group.
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spelling doaj-art-ed5f1100d8e54041b6847f0b734dd9b32025-01-10T13:14:00ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152025-01-011518110.3390/ani15010081Characterization of Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogeny of Three Echeneidae SpeciesFenglin Wang0Chenghao Jia1Tianxiang Gao2Xingle Guo3Xiumei Zhang4Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, ChinaFisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, ChinaFisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, ChinaFisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, ChinaSpecies of the family Echeneidae are renowned for their capacity to adhere to various hosts using a sucking disc. This study aimed to examine the mitochondrial genome characteristics of three fish species (<i>Echeneis naucrates</i>, <i>Remora albescens</i>, and <i>Remora remora</i>) within the family Echeneidae and determine their phylogenetic relationships. The findings revealed that the mitochondrial genome lengths of the three species were 16,611 bp, 16,648 bp, and 16,623 bp, respectively, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and a D-loop region. Most PCGs utilized ATG as the initiation codon, while only <i>cox I</i> used the GTG as the initiation codon. Additionally, seven genes employed incomplete termination codons (T and TA). The majority of PCGs in the three species displayed negative AT-skew and GC-skew values, with the GC-skew amplitude being greater than the AT-skew. The Ka/Ks ratios of the 13 PCGs did not exceed 1, demonstrating these species had been subjected to purification selection. Furthermore, only <i>tRNA-Ser</i> (GCT) lacked the D arm, while other tRNAs exhibited a typical cloverleaf secondary structure. Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods were utilized to construct a phylogenetic tree of the three species based on the 13 PCGs. <i>Remora remora</i> was identified as a distinct group, while <i>R. osteochir</i> and <i>R. brachyptera</i> were classified as sister taxa. This study contributes to the mitochondrial genome database of the family Echeneidae and provides a solid foundation for further systematic classification research in this fish group.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/1/81Echeneidaemitochondrial genomehigh-throughput sequencinggenomic characteristicsphylogenetic analysis
spellingShingle Fenglin Wang
Chenghao Jia
Tianxiang Gao
Xingle Guo
Xiumei Zhang
Characterization of Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogeny of Three Echeneidae Species
Animals
Echeneidae
mitochondrial genome
high-throughput sequencing
genomic characteristics
phylogenetic analysis
title Characterization of Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogeny of Three Echeneidae Species
title_full Characterization of Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogeny of Three Echeneidae Species
title_fullStr Characterization of Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogeny of Three Echeneidae Species
title_full_unstemmed Characterization of Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogeny of Three Echeneidae Species
title_short Characterization of Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogeny of Three Echeneidae Species
title_sort characterization of complete mitochondrial genome and phylogeny of three echeneidae species
topic Echeneidae
mitochondrial genome
high-throughput sequencing
genomic characteristics
phylogenetic analysis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/1/81
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