Importance of pattern recognition for later symbolic arithmetic: piloting a novel online training program for children in their first year of primary education

Abstract Background and objectives An early understanding of numerosity is crucial to developing proficiency in arithmetic, and rapid pattern recognition via subitizing is key in this process. The training app “LORE” specifically targets and cultivates pattern recognition skills from the beginning o...

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Main Authors: Kurt Winkler, Martin Schöfl, Liane Kaufmann, Christoph Weber
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-06-01
Series:Discover Education
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00577-5
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author Kurt Winkler
Martin Schöfl
Liane Kaufmann
Christoph Weber
author_facet Kurt Winkler
Martin Schöfl
Liane Kaufmann
Christoph Weber
author_sort Kurt Winkler
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background and objectives An early understanding of numerosity is crucial to developing proficiency in arithmetic, and rapid pattern recognition via subitizing is key in this process. The training app “LORE” specifically targets and cultivates pattern recognition skills from the beginning of formal schooling. This study investigated possible transfer effects on computational fluency and arithmetic ability of the readily available LORE training. Methods Included were 679 children from 38 Austrian school classes whose teachers used the novel web-based numerical training program LORE in their classrooms in the school year 2020/21. Notably, and unlike under ideal experimental conditions, use of the online training was at the teachers’ discretion and also depended on uptake by the children. Based on log-file data about program use, students were assigned to one of three groups (no usage, some usage, and full usage). Using the pattern recognition skills assessed at the beginning of first grade as baseline we tested the effects of LORE training on computational fluency and arithmetic skills as assessed throughout first and second grade. Results and discussion Our results demonstrate that full usage (compared to no usage) had significant effects on computational fluency that were evident up to the midpoint of the following school year. Although our study design warrants ecological validity by taking a “real world” approach on investigating training effects, the quasi-experimental design limits the control of confounders and therefore impairs internal validity. The pedagogical implications of training in pattern recognition and the need for future research are discussed.
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spelling doaj-art-ed5ca1195f6240338bde4d6aed1b3b392025-08-20T02:10:32ZengSpringerDiscover Education2731-55252025-06-014111810.1007/s44217-025-00577-5Importance of pattern recognition for later symbolic arithmetic: piloting a novel online training program for children in their first year of primary educationKurt Winkler0Martin Schöfl1Liane Kaufmann2Christoph Weber3Department of Educational Sciences, University of Education Upper AustriaDepartment of Educational Sciences, University of Education Upper AustriaDepartment of Neurology and Clinical Neuropsychology, Ernst Von Bergmann Klinikum PotsdamDepartment of Educational Sciences, University of Education Upper AustriaAbstract Background and objectives An early understanding of numerosity is crucial to developing proficiency in arithmetic, and rapid pattern recognition via subitizing is key in this process. The training app “LORE” specifically targets and cultivates pattern recognition skills from the beginning of formal schooling. This study investigated possible transfer effects on computational fluency and arithmetic ability of the readily available LORE training. Methods Included were 679 children from 38 Austrian school classes whose teachers used the novel web-based numerical training program LORE in their classrooms in the school year 2020/21. Notably, and unlike under ideal experimental conditions, use of the online training was at the teachers’ discretion and also depended on uptake by the children. Based on log-file data about program use, students were assigned to one of three groups (no usage, some usage, and full usage). Using the pattern recognition skills assessed at the beginning of first grade as baseline we tested the effects of LORE training on computational fluency and arithmetic skills as assessed throughout first and second grade. Results and discussion Our results demonstrate that full usage (compared to no usage) had significant effects on computational fluency that were evident up to the midpoint of the following school year. Although our study design warrants ecological validity by taking a “real world” approach on investigating training effects, the quasi-experimental design limits the control of confounders and therefore impairs internal validity. The pedagogical implications of training in pattern recognition and the need for future research are discussed.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00577-5Pattern recognitionSymbolic arithmeticMappingLORESausewindFÖMAK
spellingShingle Kurt Winkler
Martin Schöfl
Liane Kaufmann
Christoph Weber
Importance of pattern recognition for later symbolic arithmetic: piloting a novel online training program for children in their first year of primary education
Discover Education
Pattern recognition
Symbolic arithmetic
Mapping
LORE
Sausewind
FÖMAK
title Importance of pattern recognition for later symbolic arithmetic: piloting a novel online training program for children in their first year of primary education
title_full Importance of pattern recognition for later symbolic arithmetic: piloting a novel online training program for children in their first year of primary education
title_fullStr Importance of pattern recognition for later symbolic arithmetic: piloting a novel online training program for children in their first year of primary education
title_full_unstemmed Importance of pattern recognition for later symbolic arithmetic: piloting a novel online training program for children in their first year of primary education
title_short Importance of pattern recognition for later symbolic arithmetic: piloting a novel online training program for children in their first year of primary education
title_sort importance of pattern recognition for later symbolic arithmetic piloting a novel online training program for children in their first year of primary education
topic Pattern recognition
Symbolic arithmetic
Mapping
LORE
Sausewind
FÖMAK
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00577-5
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