On negative Sprites and the Polarity Paradox

Abstract Energetic positive and negative cloud‐to‐ground (CG) flashes are both capable of producing sprites. Negative CGs typically outnumber the positive ones by 10 to 1. However, >99.9 % of reported sprites were found to be initiated by positive CGs—thus the polarity paradox. Here, sprites reco...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Alfred Bing‐Chih Chen, Han Chen, Chia‐Wen Chuang, Steven A. Cummer, Gaopeng Lu, Hui‐Kuan Fang, Han‐Tzong Su, Rue‐Ron Hsu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2019-08-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083804
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Summary:Abstract Energetic positive and negative cloud‐to‐ground (CG) flashes are both capable of producing sprites. Negative CGs typically outnumber the positive ones by 10 to 1. However, >99.9 % of reported sprites were found to be initiated by positive CGs—thus the polarity paradox. Here, sprites recorded by the Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) mission were analyzed along with extremely low‐frequency band magnetic field data to resolve this paradox. Approximately twenty‐five percent of the sprites are found to be associated with negative CG lightning. “Negative” sprites mainly congregate in the latitudinal regions below 20°, while positive sprites scatter up to 50°. The ISUAL negative sprites are evidently beyond the observable ranges of the ground sites reported in previous studies. Hence, the sprite polarity paradox is likely a selection effect of the middle‐ to high‐altitudinal observation sites. The charge moment changes and accompanying transient luminous events of sprites were also examined and found to be polarity dependent.
ISSN:0094-8276
1944-8007