Relationship between myopia and diagnosis rates of dry eye disease and related indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundThe association between myopia and dry eye disease (DED) has recently garnered considerable attention. This study aimed to compare the diagnosis rates of DED and its indicators between myopic and emmetropic patients to elucidate the association between myopia and DED.MethodsWe retrieved re...

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Main Authors: Kai Wu, Yunfeng Yu, Jian Shi, Huimei Chen, Canming Xie, Yu Tang, Xiaolei Yao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1541304/full
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author Kai Wu
Kai Wu
Yunfeng Yu
Jian Shi
Huimei Chen
Huimei Chen
Canming Xie
Canming Xie
Yu Tang
Yu Tang
Xiaolei Yao
Xiaolei Yao
author_facet Kai Wu
Kai Wu
Yunfeng Yu
Jian Shi
Huimei Chen
Huimei Chen
Canming Xie
Canming Xie
Yu Tang
Yu Tang
Xiaolei Yao
Xiaolei Yao
author_sort Kai Wu
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThe association between myopia and dry eye disease (DED) has recently garnered considerable attention. This study aimed to compare the diagnosis rates of DED and its indicators between myopic and emmetropic patients to elucidate the association between myopia and DED.MethodsWe retrieved relevant literature published through November 2024 from English databases, such as PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, as well as Chinese databases, such as the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, VIP, and SinoMed. The studies were then screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the basic information and outcome data of the included studies were recorded. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Finally, RevMan 5.3 was used to perform meta-, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses, as well as a publication bias assessment of the outcome data.ResultsThis study included 8 studies with a sample size of 14,232 patients. The meta-analysis showed that compared with emmetropic eyes, the diagnostic rate of DED in myopic eyes increased significantly, by 104% [odds ratio (OR) = 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.39–2.99, P = 0.0002, I2 = 91%], while the tear break-up time (BUT) was reduced significantly, by 6.31 s [weighted mean difference (WMD) = −6.31, 95% CI = −7.32 to −5.29, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%]. However, there was no significant difference in the rate of positive corneal staining (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 0.22–29.07, P = 0.46, I2 = 68%). Funnel plots showed a potential publication bias in DED diagnosis rate, rate of positive corneal staining, and BUT. An evaluation showed that the evidence quality of DED diagnosis rate, BUT and rate of positive corneal staining were extremely low.ConclusionThere were significant differences in the DED diagnosis rate and BUT between myopic and emmetropic patients, suggesting that myopia may be a potential risk factor for DED. The regular screening for DED should be a focus in myopic populations to improve detection and diagnosis rates.Systematic review registrationCRD42024611482, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/myprospero
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-ed4c0fda000a495cace53676385d23892025-08-20T02:10:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-03-011210.3389/fmed.2025.15413041541304Relationship between myopia and diagnosis rates of dry eye disease and related indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysisKai Wu0Kai Wu1Yunfeng Yu2Jian Shi3Huimei Chen4Huimei Chen5Canming Xie6Canming Xie7Yu Tang8Yu Tang9Xiaolei Yao10Xiaolei Yao11Department of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaFirst Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaFirst Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaCollege of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaFirst Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaFirst Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaFirst Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaFirst Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, ChinaBackgroundThe association between myopia and dry eye disease (DED) has recently garnered considerable attention. This study aimed to compare the diagnosis rates of DED and its indicators between myopic and emmetropic patients to elucidate the association between myopia and DED.MethodsWe retrieved relevant literature published through November 2024 from English databases, such as PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science, as well as Chinese databases, such as the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, VIP, and SinoMed. The studies were then screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the basic information and outcome data of the included studies were recorded. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Finally, RevMan 5.3 was used to perform meta-, subgroup, and sensitivity analyses, as well as a publication bias assessment of the outcome data.ResultsThis study included 8 studies with a sample size of 14,232 patients. The meta-analysis showed that compared with emmetropic eyes, the diagnostic rate of DED in myopic eyes increased significantly, by 104% [odds ratio (OR) = 2.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.39–2.99, P = 0.0002, I2 = 91%], while the tear break-up time (BUT) was reduced significantly, by 6.31 s [weighted mean difference (WMD) = −6.31, 95% CI = −7.32 to −5.29, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0%]. However, there was no significant difference in the rate of positive corneal staining (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 0.22–29.07, P = 0.46, I2 = 68%). Funnel plots showed a potential publication bias in DED diagnosis rate, rate of positive corneal staining, and BUT. An evaluation showed that the evidence quality of DED diagnosis rate, BUT and rate of positive corneal staining were extremely low.ConclusionThere were significant differences in the DED diagnosis rate and BUT between myopic and emmetropic patients, suggesting that myopia may be a potential risk factor for DED. The regular screening for DED should be a focus in myopic populations to improve detection and diagnosis rates.Systematic review registrationCRD42024611482, https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/myprosperohttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1541304/fullmyopiaemmetropiadry eye diseasesystematic reviewmeta-analysis
spellingShingle Kai Wu
Kai Wu
Yunfeng Yu
Jian Shi
Huimei Chen
Huimei Chen
Canming Xie
Canming Xie
Yu Tang
Yu Tang
Xiaolei Yao
Xiaolei Yao
Relationship between myopia and diagnosis rates of dry eye disease and related indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Frontiers in Medicine
myopia
emmetropia
dry eye disease
systematic review
meta-analysis
title Relationship between myopia and diagnosis rates of dry eye disease and related indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full Relationship between myopia and diagnosis rates of dry eye disease and related indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_fullStr Relationship between myopia and diagnosis rates of dry eye disease and related indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_full_unstemmed Relationship between myopia and diagnosis rates of dry eye disease and related indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_short Relationship between myopia and diagnosis rates of dry eye disease and related indicators: a systematic review and meta-analysis
title_sort relationship between myopia and diagnosis rates of dry eye disease and related indicators a systematic review and meta analysis
topic myopia
emmetropia
dry eye disease
systematic review
meta-analysis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1541304/full
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