POMC neurons control fertility through differential signaling of MC4R in kisspeptin neurons

Inactivating mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene cause monogenic obesity. Interestingly, female patients also display various degrees of reproductive disorders, in line with the subfertile phenotype of Mc4r KO female mice. However, the cellular mechanisms by which MC4R regulates rep...

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Main Authors: Rajae Talbi, Todd L Stincic, Kaitlin Ferrari, Choi Ji Hae, Karol Walec, Elizabeth Medve, Achi Gerutshang, Silvia Leon, Elizabeth A McCarthy, Oline K Rønnekleiv, Martin J Kelly, Victor M Navarro
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Language:English
Published: eLife Sciences Publications Ltd 2025-07-01
Series:eLife
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Online Access:https://elifesciences.org/articles/100722
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author Rajae Talbi
Todd L Stincic
Kaitlin Ferrari
Choi Ji Hae
Karol Walec
Elizabeth Medve
Achi Gerutshang
Silvia Leon
Elizabeth A McCarthy
Oline K Rønnekleiv
Martin J Kelly
Victor M Navarro
author_facet Rajae Talbi
Todd L Stincic
Kaitlin Ferrari
Choi Ji Hae
Karol Walec
Elizabeth Medve
Achi Gerutshang
Silvia Leon
Elizabeth A McCarthy
Oline K Rønnekleiv
Martin J Kelly
Victor M Navarro
author_sort Rajae Talbi
collection DOAJ
description Inactivating mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene cause monogenic obesity. Interestingly, female patients also display various degrees of reproductive disorders, in line with the subfertile phenotype of Mc4r KO female mice. However, the cellular mechanisms by which MC4R regulates reproduction are unknown. Kiss1 neurons directly stimulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release through two distinct populations: the Kiss1ARH neurons, controlling GnRH pulses, and the sexually dimorphic Kiss1AVPV/PeN neurons controlling the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. Here, we show that Mc4r expressed in Kiss1 neurons regulates fertility in females. In vivo, deletion of Mc4r from Kiss1 neurons in female mice replicates the reproductive impairments of Mc4r KO mice without inducing obesity. Conversely, re-insertion of Mc4r in Kiss1 neurons of Mc4r null mice restores estrous cyclicity and LH pulsatility without reducing their obese phenotype. In vitro, we dissect the specific action of Mc4r on Kiss1ARH versus Kiss1AVPV/PeN neurons and show that Mc4r activation excites Kiss1ARH neurons through direct synaptic actions. In contrast, Kiss1AVPV/PeN neurons are normally inhibited by MC4R activation except under elevated estradiol levels, thus facilitating the activation of Kiss1AVPV/PeN neurons to induce the LH surge driving ovulation in females. Our findings demonstrate that POMCARH neurons acting through MC4R directly regulate reproductive function in females by stimulating the ‘pulse generator’ activity of Kiss1ARH neurons and restricting the activation of Kiss1AVPV/PeN neurons to the time of the estradiol-dependent LH surge, and thus unveil a novel pathway of the metabolic regulation of fertility by the melanocortin system.
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spelling doaj-art-ed4b2778a46941d4ab244e78fecb2ef42025-08-20T02:39:43ZengeLife Sciences Publications LtdeLife2050-084X2025-07-011310.7554/eLife.100722POMC neurons control fertility through differential signaling of MC4R in kisspeptin neuronsRajae Talbi0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7158-6246Todd L Stincic1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-2422Kaitlin Ferrari2Choi Ji Hae3Karol Walec4Elizabeth Medve5Achi Gerutshang6Silvia Leon7Elizabeth A McCarthy8Oline K Rønnekleiv9https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1841-4386Martin J Kelly10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8633-2510Victor M Navarro11https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5799-219XHarvard Medical School, Boston, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, United StatesDepartment of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United StatesDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, United StatesDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, United StatesDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, United StatesDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, United StatesDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, United StatesHarvard Medical School, Boston, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, United StatesHarvard Medical School, Boston, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, United StatesDepartment of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States; Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, United StatesDepartment of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States; Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, United StatesHarvard Medical School, Boston, United States; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, United States; Harvard Program in Neuroscience, Boston, United StatesInactivating mutations in the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) gene cause monogenic obesity. Interestingly, female patients also display various degrees of reproductive disorders, in line with the subfertile phenotype of Mc4r KO female mice. However, the cellular mechanisms by which MC4R regulates reproduction are unknown. Kiss1 neurons directly stimulate gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release through two distinct populations: the Kiss1ARH neurons, controlling GnRH pulses, and the sexually dimorphic Kiss1AVPV/PeN neurons controlling the preovulatory luteinizing hormone (LH) surge. Here, we show that Mc4r expressed in Kiss1 neurons regulates fertility in females. In vivo, deletion of Mc4r from Kiss1 neurons in female mice replicates the reproductive impairments of Mc4r KO mice without inducing obesity. Conversely, re-insertion of Mc4r in Kiss1 neurons of Mc4r null mice restores estrous cyclicity and LH pulsatility without reducing their obese phenotype. In vitro, we dissect the specific action of Mc4r on Kiss1ARH versus Kiss1AVPV/PeN neurons and show that Mc4r activation excites Kiss1ARH neurons through direct synaptic actions. In contrast, Kiss1AVPV/PeN neurons are normally inhibited by MC4R activation except under elevated estradiol levels, thus facilitating the activation of Kiss1AVPV/PeN neurons to induce the LH surge driving ovulation in females. Our findings demonstrate that POMCARH neurons acting through MC4R directly regulate reproductive function in females by stimulating the ‘pulse generator’ activity of Kiss1ARH neurons and restricting the activation of Kiss1AVPV/PeN neurons to the time of the estradiol-dependent LH surge, and thus unveil a novel pathway of the metabolic regulation of fertility by the melanocortin system.https://elifesciences.org/articles/100722kisspeptinmelanocortinPOMCreproduction
spellingShingle Rajae Talbi
Todd L Stincic
Kaitlin Ferrari
Choi Ji Hae
Karol Walec
Elizabeth Medve
Achi Gerutshang
Silvia Leon
Elizabeth A McCarthy
Oline K Rønnekleiv
Martin J Kelly
Victor M Navarro
POMC neurons control fertility through differential signaling of MC4R in kisspeptin neurons
eLife
kisspeptin
melanocortin
POMC
reproduction
title POMC neurons control fertility through differential signaling of MC4R in kisspeptin neurons
title_full POMC neurons control fertility through differential signaling of MC4R in kisspeptin neurons
title_fullStr POMC neurons control fertility through differential signaling of MC4R in kisspeptin neurons
title_full_unstemmed POMC neurons control fertility through differential signaling of MC4R in kisspeptin neurons
title_short POMC neurons control fertility through differential signaling of MC4R in kisspeptin neurons
title_sort pomc neurons control fertility through differential signaling of mc4r in kisspeptin neurons
topic kisspeptin
melanocortin
POMC
reproduction
url https://elifesciences.org/articles/100722
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