Examining the explosion effect of hail suppression operation using phased array radar observation data

Abstract During a hailstorm in Weining County, Bijie City, Guizhou Province, on July 27, 2022, the radar echo of a strong convective monomer rapidly changed after a hail suppression operation. Using high-spatiotemporal-resolution sector-scanning data at 12-s intervals from the X-band dual-polarizati...

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Main Authors: Hao Li, Hui Wang, Dawei Lin, Zhe Yang, Xiong Luo, Tao Liu, Sidou Zhang, Yu Huang, Yuxiang Peng, Lv Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01388-2
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author Hao Li
Hui Wang
Dawei Lin
Zhe Yang
Xiong Luo
Tao Liu
Sidou Zhang
Yu Huang
Yuxiang Peng
Lv Yu
author_facet Hao Li
Hui Wang
Dawei Lin
Zhe Yang
Xiong Luo
Tao Liu
Sidou Zhang
Yu Huang
Yuxiang Peng
Lv Yu
author_sort Hao Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract During a hailstorm in Weining County, Bijie City, Guizhou Province, on July 27, 2022, the radar echo of a strong convective monomer rapidly changed after a hail suppression operation. Using high-spatiotemporal-resolution sector-scanning data at 12-s intervals from the X-band dual-polarization phased array radar, we analyzed macro and micro changes in the monomer before and after hail suppression. We inversely analyzed the three-dimensional wind field of the monomer using phased array radar data. Within one minute, the echo height, intensity, and vertically integrated liquid water content significantly decreased. The positive radial velocity column near the operation point broke, updraft velocity and area decreased, and downdraft velocity and area increased. In the explosion-affected area, strong echo samples rapidly decreased, weak echo samples increased, the number of hail particles rapidly decreased, and number of graupel particles increased. The cloud changed rapidly within minutes after the operation, not meeting the time requirement of the catalytic theory. It was affected by the explosion. The explosion broke up large particles near the explosion point and decreased their diameter, and the dynamic disturbance generated inhibited the strong convective internal updraft, suppressing convective cloud development. The results provide some observational evidence for the explosion hail suppression theory.
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issn 2045-2322
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spelling doaj-art-ed4a0bbbb1914abdafd6f83f9554620d2025-08-20T02:37:57ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111210.1038/s41598-025-01388-2Examining the explosion effect of hail suppression operation using phased array radar observation dataHao Li0Hui Wang1Dawei Lin2Zhe Yang3Xiong Luo4Tao Liu5Sidou Zhang6Yu Huang7Yuxiang Peng8Lv Yu9Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification, China Meteorological Administration, CMA Weather Modification CentreKey Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification, China Meteorological Administration, CMA Weather Modification CentreKey Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification, China Meteorological Administration, CMA Weather Modification CentreGuizhou Meteorological Data CenterGuizhou Institute of Mountain Meteorological ScienceGuizhou Institute of Mountain Meteorological ScienceKey Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification, China Meteorological Administration, CMA Weather Modification CentreGuizhou Institute of Mountain Meteorological ScienceGuizhou Meteorological ObservatoryWeining Meteorological BureauAbstract During a hailstorm in Weining County, Bijie City, Guizhou Province, on July 27, 2022, the radar echo of a strong convective monomer rapidly changed after a hail suppression operation. Using high-spatiotemporal-resolution sector-scanning data at 12-s intervals from the X-band dual-polarization phased array radar, we analyzed macro and micro changes in the monomer before and after hail suppression. We inversely analyzed the three-dimensional wind field of the monomer using phased array radar data. Within one minute, the echo height, intensity, and vertically integrated liquid water content significantly decreased. The positive radial velocity column near the operation point broke, updraft velocity and area decreased, and downdraft velocity and area increased. In the explosion-affected area, strong echo samples rapidly decreased, weak echo samples increased, the number of hail particles rapidly decreased, and number of graupel particles increased. The cloud changed rapidly within minutes after the operation, not meeting the time requirement of the catalytic theory. It was affected by the explosion. The explosion broke up large particles near the explosion point and decreased their diameter, and the dynamic disturbance generated inhibited the strong convective internal updraft, suppressing convective cloud development. The results provide some observational evidence for the explosion hail suppression theory.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01388-2Artificial hail suppressionPhased array radarParticle phaseThree-dimensional wind field
spellingShingle Hao Li
Hui Wang
Dawei Lin
Zhe Yang
Xiong Luo
Tao Liu
Sidou Zhang
Yu Huang
Yuxiang Peng
Lv Yu
Examining the explosion effect of hail suppression operation using phased array radar observation data
Scientific Reports
Artificial hail suppression
Phased array radar
Particle phase
Three-dimensional wind field
title Examining the explosion effect of hail suppression operation using phased array radar observation data
title_full Examining the explosion effect of hail suppression operation using phased array radar observation data
title_fullStr Examining the explosion effect of hail suppression operation using phased array radar observation data
title_full_unstemmed Examining the explosion effect of hail suppression operation using phased array radar observation data
title_short Examining the explosion effect of hail suppression operation using phased array radar observation data
title_sort examining the explosion effect of hail suppression operation using phased array radar observation data
topic Artificial hail suppression
Phased array radar
Particle phase
Three-dimensional wind field
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01388-2
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