Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study
Objective Despite the increasing disease burden, there is a dearth of context-specific evidence on the risk factors for COVID-19 positivity and subsequent death in Nigeria. Thus, the study objective was to identify context-specific factors associated with testing positive for COVID-19 and fatality i...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMJ Publishing Group
2020-12-01
|
| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/12/e044079.full |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1850159515893235712 |
|---|---|
| author | Ibrahim Abubakar Muhammad Usman Chikwe Ihekweazu Puja Myles Kelly Osezele Elimian Chinwe Lucia Ochu Blessing Ebhodaghe Emily E Crawford Ehimario Igumbor Winifred Ukponu Adobola Olayinka Olusola Aruna Chioma Dan-Nwafor Olatayo Ayodeji Olawepo Oladipo Ogunbode Rhoda Atteh William Nwachukwu Sudhir Venkatesan Chijioke Obagha Samuel Ngishe Kabir Suleiman Hakeem Abiola Yusuff Ifeoma Nwadiuto Abbas Aliyu Mohammed Rabi Usman Nwando Mba Olaolu Aderinola Elsie Ilori John Oladejo |
| author_facet | Ibrahim Abubakar Muhammad Usman Chikwe Ihekweazu Puja Myles Kelly Osezele Elimian Chinwe Lucia Ochu Blessing Ebhodaghe Emily E Crawford Ehimario Igumbor Winifred Ukponu Adobola Olayinka Olusola Aruna Chioma Dan-Nwafor Olatayo Ayodeji Olawepo Oladipo Ogunbode Rhoda Atteh William Nwachukwu Sudhir Venkatesan Chijioke Obagha Samuel Ngishe Kabir Suleiman Hakeem Abiola Yusuff Ifeoma Nwadiuto Abbas Aliyu Mohammed Rabi Usman Nwando Mba Olaolu Aderinola Elsie Ilori John Oladejo |
| author_sort | Ibrahim Abubakar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective Despite the increasing disease burden, there is a dearth of context-specific evidence on the risk factors for COVID-19 positivity and subsequent death in Nigeria. Thus, the study objective was to identify context-specific factors associated with testing positive for COVID-19 and fatality in Nigeria.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting COVID-19 surveillance and laboratory centres in 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory reporting data to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control.Participants Individuals who were investigated for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time PCR testing during the study period 27 February–8 June 2020.Methods COVID-19 positivity and subsequent mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with both outcome variables, and findings are presented as adjusted ORs (aORs) and 95% CIs.Results A total of 36 496 patients were tested for COVID-19, with 10 517 confirmed cases. Of 3215 confirmed cases with available clinical outcomes, 295 died. Factors independently associated with COVID-19 positivity were older age (p value for trend<0.0001), male sex (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.18) and the following presenting symptoms: cough (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.32), fever (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.45 to 1.71), loss of smell (aOR 7.78, 95% CI 5.19 to 11.66) and loss of taste (aOR 2.50, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.90). An increased risk of mortality following COVID-19 was observed in those aged ≥51 years, patients in farming occupation (aOR 7.56, 95% CI 1.70 to 33.53) and those presenting with cough (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.01), breathing difficulties (aOR 5.68, 95% CI 3.77 to 8.58) and vomiting (aOR 2.54, 95% CI 1.33 to 4.84).Conclusion The significant risk factors associated with COVID-19 positivity and subsequent mortality in the Nigerian population are similar to those reported in studies from other countries and should guide clinical decisions for COVID-19 testing and specialist care referrals. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ed46f457a53541fcbba96f0794f7c467 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-ed46f457a53541fcbba96f0794f7c4672025-08-20T02:23:31ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552020-12-01101210.1136/bmjopen-2020-044079Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort studyIbrahim Abubakar0Muhammad Usman1Chikwe Ihekweazu2Puja Myles3Kelly Osezele Elimian4Chinwe Lucia Ochu5Blessing Ebhodaghe6Emily E Crawford7Ehimario Igumbor8Winifred Ukponu9Adobola Olayinka10Olusola Aruna11Chioma Dan-Nwafor12Olatayo Ayodeji Olawepo13Oladipo Ogunbode14Rhoda Atteh15William Nwachukwu16Sudhir Venkatesan17Chijioke Obagha18Samuel Ngishe19Kabir Suleiman20Hakeem Abiola Yusuff21Ifeoma Nwadiuto22Abbas Aliyu Mohammed23Rabi Usman24Nwando Mba25Olaolu Aderinola26Elsie Ilori27John Oladejo28Institute for Global Health, UCL, London, UK5Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaNigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeriahead of observational researchDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, NigeriaPrevention, Programme and Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, NigeriaPrevention, Programmes and Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, NigeriaPrevention, Programme and Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, NigeriaPrevention Programmes and Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, NigeriaCenter for Global Health Practice and Impact, Georgetown University, Abuja, NigeriaWHO, Abuja, NigeriaIHR Strengthening Programme in Nigeria, UK Health Security Agency, London, UKNigeria Centre for Disease Control, FCT, Abuja, NigeriaCenter for Global Health Practice and Impact, Georgetown University, Abuja, NigeriaPrevention Programmes and Knowledge Management, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, NigeriaSurveillance and Epidemiology, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, FCT, NigeriaSurveillance and Epidemiology, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, NigeriaEMEA Data Science Hub, IQVIA, London, UKMinistry of Health, Anambra State, Awka, Anambra, NigeriaPublic Health, Ministry of Health, Benue State, Makurdi, NigeriaMinistry of Health, Katsina State, Katsina, NigeriaOgun State Ministry of Health, Abeokuta, NigeriaRivers State Ministry of Health, Port Harcourt, NigeriaMinistry of Health, Sokoto State, Sokoto, NigeriaMinistry of Health, Zamfara State, Zamfara, NigeriaNigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, NigeriaHealth Emergency Preparedness and Response, Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, NigeriaNigeria Centre for Disease Control, FCT, Abuja, NigeriaNigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, NigeriaObjective Despite the increasing disease burden, there is a dearth of context-specific evidence on the risk factors for COVID-19 positivity and subsequent death in Nigeria. Thus, the study objective was to identify context-specific factors associated with testing positive for COVID-19 and fatality in Nigeria.Design Retrospective cohort study.Setting COVID-19 surveillance and laboratory centres in 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory reporting data to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control.Participants Individuals who were investigated for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time PCR testing during the study period 27 February–8 June 2020.Methods COVID-19 positivity and subsequent mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors independently associated with both outcome variables, and findings are presented as adjusted ORs (aORs) and 95% CIs.Results A total of 36 496 patients were tested for COVID-19, with 10 517 confirmed cases. Of 3215 confirmed cases with available clinical outcomes, 295 died. Factors independently associated with COVID-19 positivity were older age (p value for trend<0.0001), male sex (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.18) and the following presenting symptoms: cough (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.32), fever (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.45 to 1.71), loss of smell (aOR 7.78, 95% CI 5.19 to 11.66) and loss of taste (aOR 2.50, 95% CI 1.60 to 3.90). An increased risk of mortality following COVID-19 was observed in those aged ≥51 years, patients in farming occupation (aOR 7.56, 95% CI 1.70 to 33.53) and those presenting with cough (aOR 2.06, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.01), breathing difficulties (aOR 5.68, 95% CI 3.77 to 8.58) and vomiting (aOR 2.54, 95% CI 1.33 to 4.84).Conclusion The significant risk factors associated with COVID-19 positivity and subsequent mortality in the Nigerian population are similar to those reported in studies from other countries and should guide clinical decisions for COVID-19 testing and specialist care referrals.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/12/e044079.full |
| spellingShingle | Ibrahim Abubakar Muhammad Usman Chikwe Ihekweazu Puja Myles Kelly Osezele Elimian Chinwe Lucia Ochu Blessing Ebhodaghe Emily E Crawford Ehimario Igumbor Winifred Ukponu Adobola Olayinka Olusola Aruna Chioma Dan-Nwafor Olatayo Ayodeji Olawepo Oladipo Ogunbode Rhoda Atteh William Nwachukwu Sudhir Venkatesan Chijioke Obagha Samuel Ngishe Kabir Suleiman Hakeem Abiola Yusuff Ifeoma Nwadiuto Abbas Aliyu Mohammed Rabi Usman Nwando Mba Olaolu Aderinola Elsie Ilori John Oladejo Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study BMJ Open |
| title | Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study |
| title_full | Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study |
| title_short | Patient characteristics associated with COVID-19 positivity and fatality in Nigeria: retrospective cohort study |
| title_sort | patient characteristics associated with covid 19 positivity and fatality in nigeria retrospective cohort study |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/12/e044079.full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ibrahimabubakar patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT muhammadusman patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT chikweihekweazu patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT pujamyles patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT kellyosezeleelimian patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT chinweluciaochu patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT blessingebhodaghe patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT emilyecrawford patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT ehimarioigumbor patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT winifredukponu patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT adobolaolayinka patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT olusolaaruna patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT chiomadannwafor patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT olatayoayodejiolawepo patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT oladipoogunbode patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT rhodaatteh patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT williamnwachukwu patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT sudhirvenkatesan patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT chijiokeobagha patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT samuelngishe patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT kabirsuleiman patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT hakeemabiolayusuff patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT ifeomanwadiuto patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT abbasaliyumohammed patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT rabiusman patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT nwandomba patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT olaoluaderinola patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT elsieilori patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy AT johnoladejo patientcharacteristicsassociatedwithcovid19positivityandfatalityinnigeriaretrospectivecohortstudy |