The Influence of Meltwater on Phytoplankton Blooms Near the Sea‐Ice Edge

Abstract Phytoplankton blooms occur annually at the sea‐ice edge throughout the Arctic during the spring melt period. Our study considers how these spring blooms may depend on sea‐ice meltwater, focusing on the role of horizontal mixing and advection. We extend the classic Fisher reaction‐diffusion...

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Main Authors: C. W. Lester, T. J. W. Wagner, Dylan E. McNamara, M. R. Cape
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2021-01-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091758
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author C. W. Lester
T. J. W. Wagner
Dylan E. McNamara
M. R. Cape
author_facet C. W. Lester
T. J. W. Wagner
Dylan E. McNamara
M. R. Cape
author_sort C. W. Lester
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Phytoplankton blooms occur annually at the sea‐ice edge throughout the Arctic during the spring melt period. Our study considers how these spring blooms may depend on sea‐ice meltwater, focusing on the role of horizontal mixing and advection. We extend the classic Fisher reaction‐diffusion equation to consider a time‐ and space‐varying death rate that represents the role of meltwater in the system. Our results indicate that blooms peak at a characteristic distance from the ice edge where (i) meltwater is concentrated enough to stratify the upper ocean such that the phytoplankton are confined near the surface and (ii) phytoplankton have been exposed to sufficient sunlight to allow for optimized growth. The results reproduce key characteristics of a large bloom observed in Fram Strait in May 2019. Our findings support the idea that sea‐ice meltwater is of central importance in setting the spatial patterns of Arctic phytoplankton blooms.
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-ed4226d6939b4294b64284c09de017d92025-08-20T03:04:21ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072021-01-01482n/an/a10.1029/2020GL091758The Influence of Meltwater on Phytoplankton Blooms Near the Sea‐Ice EdgeC. W. Lester0T. J. W. Wagner1Dylan E. McNamara2M. R. Cape3Department of Physics and Physical Oceanography/Center for Marine Science University of North Carolina Wilmington Wilmington NC USADepartment of Physics and Physical Oceanography/Center for Marine Science University of North Carolina Wilmington Wilmington NC USADepartment of Physics and Physical Oceanography/Center for Marine Science University of North Carolina Wilmington Wilmington NC USAApplied Physics Laboratory University of Washington Seattle WA USAAbstract Phytoplankton blooms occur annually at the sea‐ice edge throughout the Arctic during the spring melt period. Our study considers how these spring blooms may depend on sea‐ice meltwater, focusing on the role of horizontal mixing and advection. We extend the classic Fisher reaction‐diffusion equation to consider a time‐ and space‐varying death rate that represents the role of meltwater in the system. Our results indicate that blooms peak at a characteristic distance from the ice edge where (i) meltwater is concentrated enough to stratify the upper ocean such that the phytoplankton are confined near the surface and (ii) phytoplankton have been exposed to sufficient sunlight to allow for optimized growth. The results reproduce key characteristics of a large bloom observed in Fram Strait in May 2019. Our findings support the idea that sea‐ice meltwater is of central importance in setting the spatial patterns of Arctic phytoplankton blooms.https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091758Arcticice edge bloommeltwatermodelingphytoplankton bloomsea‐ice edge
spellingShingle C. W. Lester
T. J. W. Wagner
Dylan E. McNamara
M. R. Cape
The Influence of Meltwater on Phytoplankton Blooms Near the Sea‐Ice Edge
Geophysical Research Letters
Arctic
ice edge bloom
meltwater
modeling
phytoplankton bloom
sea‐ice edge
title The Influence of Meltwater on Phytoplankton Blooms Near the Sea‐Ice Edge
title_full The Influence of Meltwater on Phytoplankton Blooms Near the Sea‐Ice Edge
title_fullStr The Influence of Meltwater on Phytoplankton Blooms Near the Sea‐Ice Edge
title_full_unstemmed The Influence of Meltwater on Phytoplankton Blooms Near the Sea‐Ice Edge
title_short The Influence of Meltwater on Phytoplankton Blooms Near the Sea‐Ice Edge
title_sort influence of meltwater on phytoplankton blooms near the sea ice edge
topic Arctic
ice edge bloom
meltwater
modeling
phytoplankton bloom
sea‐ice edge
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091758
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