Role and mechanism of botanical drugs and their metabolites in osteoporosis: new strategies for clinical application

Osteoporosis, the most prevalent bone disease worldwide, is characterized by reduced bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration. Current pharmacological agents for osteoporosis management include bisphosphonates, calcitonin, estrogen, denosumab, and romosozumab. However, emerging evid...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xiujuan Yang, Yuqi Li, Jingjing Guo, Jiajia Wang, Shuo Li, Zhijun Yang, Pengxian Niu, Yiwei Jiang, Min Song, Yunxiang Hai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Pharmacology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2025.1530194/full
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Osteoporosis, the most prevalent bone disease worldwide, is characterized by reduced bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration. Current pharmacological agents for osteoporosis management include bisphosphonates, calcitonin, estrogen, denosumab, and romosozumab. However, emerging evidence suggests these therapies may increase risks of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, osteonecrosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Consequently, safer therapeutic alternatives are required. Traditional botanical drugs, recognized for their favorable safety profiles compared to synthetic drugs, demonstrate increasing potential in osteoporosis treatment. This review examines classical pathogenic mechanisms of osteoporosis—including estrogen deficiency, oxidative stress, and dysregulated bone metabolism—and summarizes traditional botanical drugs: Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), glycyrrhizin, Cistanche deserticola polysaccharides (CDP), Eucommia ulmoides polysaccharides (EUP), and Ligustrum lucidum derivatives. These findings provide critical insights into osteoporosis pathomechanisms and identify promising therapeutic candidates for clinical translation.
ISSN:1663-9812