Catastrophic lava flow levee failure: precursors, processes, and implications
During an effusive eruption crisis the initial advance of a lava flow is typically the primary focus of model forecasts and hazard management efforts. Flow branching and lateral expansion of lava flows can pose significant dangers within evolving flow fields throughout the duration of an eruption an...
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Volcanica
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Volcanica |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jvolcanica.org/ojs/index.php/volcanica/article/view/295 |
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| author | Elisabeth Gallant Hannah R. Dietterich Matthew R. Patrick David Hyman Brett B. Carr John Lyons Elinor S. Meredith |
| author_facet | Elisabeth Gallant Hannah R. Dietterich Matthew R. Patrick David Hyman Brett B. Carr John Lyons Elinor S. Meredith |
| author_sort | Elisabeth Gallant |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During an effusive eruption crisis the initial advance of a lava flow is typically the primary focus of model forecasts and hazard management efforts. Flow branching and lateral expansion of lava flows can pose significant dangers within evolving flow fields throughout the duration of an eruption and are an underappreciated hazard. We use field monitoring, infrasound, time lapse imagery, and lidar data collected during the 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea (Hawai‘i) to track the origins, progression, and implications of a flow branching event caused by catastrophic levee failure. Our analyses show that surges in effusion rate, rheologic transitions between pāhoehoe and ‘a‘ā flow regimes, slope-breaks, pre-existing topographic highs, and the structure of perched levee walls all played a role in the failure of the levee and subsequent re-routing of the lava flow. Failure of perched lava structures leads to an acutely hazardous situation because lava impounded by the structure can rapidly inundate the landscape. This is the first time a levee failure event has been observed in such detail with numerous monitoring techniques; this unprecedented level of observation provides quantifiable insights into levee failure processes that have important implications for hazard mitigation and an improved understanding of lava flow emplacement dynamics |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ed246d3367334669bcfffce173a4656a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2610-3540 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Volcanica |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Volcanica |
| spelling | doaj-art-ed246d3367334669bcfffce173a4656a2025-01-31T13:18:09ZengVolcanicaVolcanica2610-35402025-01-0181678010.30909/vol.08.01.6780280Catastrophic lava flow levee failure: precursors, processes, and implicationsElisabeth Gallant0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6841-3694Hannah R. Dietterich1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7898-4343Matthew R. Patrick2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639David Hyman3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-7584Brett B. Carr4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1033-3082John Lyons5https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5409-1698Elinor S. Meredith6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3869-1180U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA.U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA.U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA.U.S. Geological Survey, Advanced Research Computing, Lakewood, CO, 80225, USA.University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, Tuscon, AZ, 85721, USA.U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Volcano Observatory, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA.Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.During an effusive eruption crisis the initial advance of a lava flow is typically the primary focus of model forecasts and hazard management efforts. Flow branching and lateral expansion of lava flows can pose significant dangers within evolving flow fields throughout the duration of an eruption and are an underappreciated hazard. We use field monitoring, infrasound, time lapse imagery, and lidar data collected during the 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea (Hawai‘i) to track the origins, progression, and implications of a flow branching event caused by catastrophic levee failure. Our analyses show that surges in effusion rate, rheologic transitions between pāhoehoe and ‘a‘ā flow regimes, slope-breaks, pre-existing topographic highs, and the structure of perched levee walls all played a role in the failure of the levee and subsequent re-routing of the lava flow. Failure of perched lava structures leads to an acutely hazardous situation because lava impounded by the structure can rapidly inundate the landscape. This is the first time a levee failure event has been observed in such detail with numerous monitoring techniques; this unprecedented level of observation provides quantifiable insights into levee failure processes that have important implications for hazard mitigation and an improved understanding of lava flow emplacement dynamicshttps://www.jvolcanica.org/ojs/index.php/volcanica/article/view/295kīlaueaeffusive volcanismeruption dynamics |
| spellingShingle | Elisabeth Gallant Hannah R. Dietterich Matthew R. Patrick David Hyman Brett B. Carr John Lyons Elinor S. Meredith Catastrophic lava flow levee failure: precursors, processes, and implications Volcanica kīlauea effusive volcanism eruption dynamics |
| title | Catastrophic lava flow levee failure: precursors, processes, and implications |
| title_full | Catastrophic lava flow levee failure: precursors, processes, and implications |
| title_fullStr | Catastrophic lava flow levee failure: precursors, processes, and implications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Catastrophic lava flow levee failure: precursors, processes, and implications |
| title_short | Catastrophic lava flow levee failure: precursors, processes, and implications |
| title_sort | catastrophic lava flow levee failure precursors processes and implications |
| topic | kīlauea effusive volcanism eruption dynamics |
| url | https://www.jvolcanica.org/ojs/index.php/volcanica/article/view/295 |
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