The generative revolution: AI foundation models in geospatial health—applications, challenges and future research

Abstract In an era of rapid technological advancements, generative artificial intelligence and foundation models are reshaping industries and offering new advanced solutions in a wide range of scientific areas, particularly in public and environmental health. However, foundation models have previous...

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Main Authors: Bernd Resch, Polychronis Kolokoussis, David Hanny, Maria Antonia Brovelli, Maged N. Kamel Boulos
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:International Journal of Health Geographics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-025-00391-0
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author Bernd Resch
Polychronis Kolokoussis
David Hanny
Maria Antonia Brovelli
Maged N. Kamel Boulos
author_facet Bernd Resch
Polychronis Kolokoussis
David Hanny
Maria Antonia Brovelli
Maged N. Kamel Boulos
author_sort Bernd Resch
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In an era of rapid technological advancements, generative artificial intelligence and foundation models are reshaping industries and offering new advanced solutions in a wide range of scientific areas, particularly in public and environmental health. However, foundation models have previously mostly focused on understanding and generating text, while geospatial features, interrelations, flows and correlations have been neglected. Thus, this paper outlines the importance of research into Geospatial Foundation Models, which have the potential to revolutionise digital health surveillance and public health. We examine the latest advances, opportunities, challenges, and ethical considerations of geospatial foundation models for research and applications in digital health. We focus on the specific challenges of integrating geospatial context with foundation models and lay out the future potential for multimodal geospatial foundation models for a variety of research avenues in digital health surveillance and health assessment.
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series International Journal of Health Geographics
spelling doaj-art-ed227ef39d7e4f949d787f6eee29f1f62025-08-20T01:56:09ZengBMCInternational Journal of Health Geographics1476-072X2025-04-0124111510.1186/s12942-025-00391-0The generative revolution: AI foundation models in geospatial health—applications, challenges and future researchBernd Resch0Polychronis Kolokoussis1David Hanny2Maria Antonia Brovelli3Maged N. Kamel Boulos4IT:U Interdisciplinary Transformation UniversitySchool of Rural, Surveying & Geoinformatics Engineering, National Technical University of AthensIT:U Interdisciplinary Transformation UniversityDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico Di MilanoSchool of Medicine, University of LisbonAbstract In an era of rapid technological advancements, generative artificial intelligence and foundation models are reshaping industries and offering new advanced solutions in a wide range of scientific areas, particularly in public and environmental health. However, foundation models have previously mostly focused on understanding and generating text, while geospatial features, interrelations, flows and correlations have been neglected. Thus, this paper outlines the importance of research into Geospatial Foundation Models, which have the potential to revolutionise digital health surveillance and public health. We examine the latest advances, opportunities, challenges, and ethical considerations of geospatial foundation models for research and applications in digital health. We focus on the specific challenges of integrating geospatial context with foundation models and lay out the future potential for multimodal geospatial foundation models for a variety of research avenues in digital health surveillance and health assessment.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-025-00391-0Generative AILarge language modelsAI agentsGeospatial healthHealth surveillanceAI-powered public health
spellingShingle Bernd Resch
Polychronis Kolokoussis
David Hanny
Maria Antonia Brovelli
Maged N. Kamel Boulos
The generative revolution: AI foundation models in geospatial health—applications, challenges and future research
International Journal of Health Geographics
Generative AI
Large language models
AI agents
Geospatial health
Health surveillance
AI-powered public health
title The generative revolution: AI foundation models in geospatial health—applications, challenges and future research
title_full The generative revolution: AI foundation models in geospatial health—applications, challenges and future research
title_fullStr The generative revolution: AI foundation models in geospatial health—applications, challenges and future research
title_full_unstemmed The generative revolution: AI foundation models in geospatial health—applications, challenges and future research
title_short The generative revolution: AI foundation models in geospatial health—applications, challenges and future research
title_sort generative revolution ai foundation models in geospatial health applications challenges and future research
topic Generative AI
Large language models
AI agents
Geospatial health
Health surveillance
AI-powered public health
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12942-025-00391-0
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