Inflammatory markers after supplementation with marine n-3 or plant n-6 PUFAs: A randomized double-blind crossover study
Omega-3 (n-3) (e.g., EPA/DHA) and omega-6 (n-6) (e.g., linoleic acid [LA]) FAs are suggested to have opposite effects on inflammation, but results are inconsistent and direct comparisons of n-3 and n-6 are lacking. In a double-blind, randomized, and crossover study, females (n = 16) and males (n = 2...
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Elsevier
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Lipid Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227525000306 |
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| author | Elise Grytten Johnny Laupsa-Borge Kaya Cetin Pavol Bohov Jan Erik Nordrehaug Jon Skorve Rolf K. Berge Elin Strand Bodil Bjørndal Ottar K. Nygård Espen Rostrup Gunnar Mellgren Simon N. Dankel |
| author_facet | Elise Grytten Johnny Laupsa-Borge Kaya Cetin Pavol Bohov Jan Erik Nordrehaug Jon Skorve Rolf K. Berge Elin Strand Bodil Bjørndal Ottar K. Nygård Espen Rostrup Gunnar Mellgren Simon N. Dankel |
| author_sort | Elise Grytten |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Omega-3 (n-3) (e.g., EPA/DHA) and omega-6 (n-6) (e.g., linoleic acid [LA]) FAs are suggested to have opposite effects on inflammation, but results are inconsistent and direct comparisons of n-3 and n-6 are lacking. In a double-blind, randomized, and crossover study, females (n = 16) and males (n = 23) aged 30–70 years with abdominal obesity were supplemented with 3–4 g/d EPA/DHA (fish oil) or 15–20 g/d LA (safflower oil) for 7 weeks, with a 9-week washout phase. Cytokines and chemokines (multiplex assay), acute-phase proteins (MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry), endothelial function (vascular reaction index), blood pressure, FA composition (red blood cell membranes/serum/adipose tissue, GC-MS/MS), and adipose gene expression (microarrays, quantitative PCR) were measured. While significant differences between treatments in relative change scores were found for systolic blood pressure (n-3 vs. n-6: −1.81% vs. 2.61%, P = 0.003), no differences between n-3 and n-6 were found for any circulatory inflammatory markers. However, compared with baseline, n-3 was followed by reductions in circulating TNF (−24.9%, P < 0.001), regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (−12.1%, P < 0.001), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta (−12.5%, P = 0.014), and n-6 by lowered TNF (−18.8%, P < 0.001), regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (−7.37%, P = 0.027), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (−7.81%, P = 0.020), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta (−14.2%, P = 0.010). Adipose tissue showed significant treatment differences in weight percent of EPA (n-3 vs. n-6: 50.2%∗ vs. −1.38%, P < 0.001, ∗: significant within-treatment change score), DHA (16.0%∗ vs. −3.67%, P < 0.001), and LA (−0.033 vs. 4.91%∗, P < 0.001). Adipose transcriptomics revealed overall downregulation of genes related to inflammatory processes after n-3 and upregulation after n-6, partly correlating with changes in circulatory markers. These data point to tissue-specific proinflammatory effects of high n-6 intake, but a net systemic anti-inflammatory effect as for n-3. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ed17f71b376c49b28baaa2f13444c435 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 0022-2275 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Lipid Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-ed17f71b376c49b28baaa2f13444c4352025-08-20T02:12:07ZengElsevierJournal of Lipid Research0022-22752025-04-0166410077010.1016/j.jlr.2025.100770Inflammatory markers after supplementation with marine n-3 or plant n-6 PUFAs: A randomized double-blind crossover studyElise Grytten0Johnny Laupsa-Borge1Kaya Cetin2Pavol Bohov3Jan Erik Nordrehaug4Jon Skorve5Rolf K. Berge6Elin Strand7Bodil Bjørndal8Ottar K. Nygård9Espen Rostrup10Gunnar Mellgren11Simon N. Dankel12Hormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayHormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Bevital AS, Bergen, NorwayHormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayDepartment of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, NorwayHormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayHormone Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Mohn Nutrition Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; For correspondence: Simon N. DankelOmega-3 (n-3) (e.g., EPA/DHA) and omega-6 (n-6) (e.g., linoleic acid [LA]) FAs are suggested to have opposite effects on inflammation, but results are inconsistent and direct comparisons of n-3 and n-6 are lacking. In a double-blind, randomized, and crossover study, females (n = 16) and males (n = 23) aged 30–70 years with abdominal obesity were supplemented with 3–4 g/d EPA/DHA (fish oil) or 15–20 g/d LA (safflower oil) for 7 weeks, with a 9-week washout phase. Cytokines and chemokines (multiplex assay), acute-phase proteins (MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry), endothelial function (vascular reaction index), blood pressure, FA composition (red blood cell membranes/serum/adipose tissue, GC-MS/MS), and adipose gene expression (microarrays, quantitative PCR) were measured. While significant differences between treatments in relative change scores were found for systolic blood pressure (n-3 vs. n-6: −1.81% vs. 2.61%, P = 0.003), no differences between n-3 and n-6 were found for any circulatory inflammatory markers. However, compared with baseline, n-3 was followed by reductions in circulating TNF (−24.9%, P < 0.001), regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (−12.1%, P < 0.001), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta (−12.5%, P = 0.014), and n-6 by lowered TNF (−18.8%, P < 0.001), regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (−7.37%, P = 0.027), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (−7.81%, P = 0.020), and macrophage inflammatory protein 1-beta (−14.2%, P = 0.010). Adipose tissue showed significant treatment differences in weight percent of EPA (n-3 vs. n-6: 50.2%∗ vs. −1.38%, P < 0.001, ∗: significant within-treatment change score), DHA (16.0%∗ vs. −3.67%, P < 0.001), and LA (−0.033 vs. 4.91%∗, P < 0.001). Adipose transcriptomics revealed overall downregulation of genes related to inflammatory processes after n-3 and upregulation after n-6, partly correlating with changes in circulatory markers. These data point to tissue-specific proinflammatory effects of high n-6 intake, but a net systemic anti-inflammatory effect as for n-3.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227525000306PUFAsomega-3omega-6inflammationendothelial functionblood pressure |
| spellingShingle | Elise Grytten Johnny Laupsa-Borge Kaya Cetin Pavol Bohov Jan Erik Nordrehaug Jon Skorve Rolf K. Berge Elin Strand Bodil Bjørndal Ottar K. Nygård Espen Rostrup Gunnar Mellgren Simon N. Dankel Inflammatory markers after supplementation with marine n-3 or plant n-6 PUFAs: A randomized double-blind crossover study Journal of Lipid Research PUFAs omega-3 omega-6 inflammation endothelial function blood pressure |
| title | Inflammatory markers after supplementation with marine n-3 or plant n-6 PUFAs: A randomized double-blind crossover study |
| title_full | Inflammatory markers after supplementation with marine n-3 or plant n-6 PUFAs: A randomized double-blind crossover study |
| title_fullStr | Inflammatory markers after supplementation with marine n-3 or plant n-6 PUFAs: A randomized double-blind crossover study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inflammatory markers after supplementation with marine n-3 or plant n-6 PUFAs: A randomized double-blind crossover study |
| title_short | Inflammatory markers after supplementation with marine n-3 or plant n-6 PUFAs: A randomized double-blind crossover study |
| title_sort | inflammatory markers after supplementation with marine n 3 or plant n 6 pufas a randomized double blind crossover study |
| topic | PUFAs omega-3 omega-6 inflammation endothelial function blood pressure |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022227525000306 |
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