Disrupting Amh and androgen signaling reveals their distinct roles in zebrafish gonadal differentiation and gametogenesis

Abstract Sex determination and differentiation in zebrafish involve a complex interaction of male and female-promoting factors. While Dmrt1 has been established as a critical male-promoting factor, the roles of Anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh) and androgen signaling remain less clear. This study employe...

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Main Authors: Kun WU, Yiming YUE, Lingling ZHOU, Zhiwei ZHANG, Hong SHAN, Huanhuan HE, Wei GE
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07719-3
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author Kun WU
Yiming YUE
Lingling ZHOU
Zhiwei ZHANG
Hong SHAN
Huanhuan HE
Wei GE
author_facet Kun WU
Yiming YUE
Lingling ZHOU
Zhiwei ZHANG
Hong SHAN
Huanhuan HE
Wei GE
author_sort Kun WU
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Sex determination and differentiation in zebrafish involve a complex interaction of male and female-promoting factors. While Dmrt1 has been established as a critical male-promoting factor, the roles of Anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh) and androgen signaling remain less clear. This study employed an estrogen-deficient zebrafish model (cyp19a1a-/-) to dissect individual and combined roles of Amh and androgen receptor (Ar) signaling in gonadal differentiation and gametogenesis. Loss of amh, but not ar, could rescue all-male phenotype of cyp19a1a-/-, leading to female or intersex, confirming the role of Amh in promoting male differentiation. This rescue was recapitulated in bmpr2a-/- but not bmpr2b-/-, supporting Bmpr2a as the type II receptor for Amh in zebrafish. Interestingly, while disruption of amh or ar had delayed spermatogenesis, the double mutant (amh-/-;ar-/-) exhibited severely impaired spermatogenesis, highlighting their compensatory roles. While Amh deficiency led to testis hypertrophy, likely involving a compensatory increase in Ar signaling, Ar deficiency resulted in reduced hypertrophy in double mutant males. Furthermore, phenotype analysis of triple mutant (amh-/-;ar-/-;cyp19a1a-/-) provided evidence that Ar participated in early follicle development. This study provides novel insights into complex interplay between Amh and androgen signaling in zebrafish sex differentiation and gametogenesis, highlighting their distinct but cooperative roles in male development.
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spelling doaj-art-ed0f227898d24dc09a47c7111ab405d22025-08-20T03:05:46ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-03-018111510.1038/s42003-025-07719-3Disrupting Amh and androgen signaling reveals their distinct roles in zebrafish gonadal differentiation and gametogenesisKun WU0Yiming YUE1Lingling ZHOU2Zhiwei ZHANG3Hong SHAN4Huanhuan HE5Wei GE6Department of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, TaipaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, TaipaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, TaipaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, TaipaGuangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityDepartment of Biomedical Sciences and Centre of Reproduction, Development and Aging (CRDA), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, TaipaAbstract Sex determination and differentiation in zebrafish involve a complex interaction of male and female-promoting factors. While Dmrt1 has been established as a critical male-promoting factor, the roles of Anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh) and androgen signaling remain less clear. This study employed an estrogen-deficient zebrafish model (cyp19a1a-/-) to dissect individual and combined roles of Amh and androgen receptor (Ar) signaling in gonadal differentiation and gametogenesis. Loss of amh, but not ar, could rescue all-male phenotype of cyp19a1a-/-, leading to female or intersex, confirming the role of Amh in promoting male differentiation. This rescue was recapitulated in bmpr2a-/- but not bmpr2b-/-, supporting Bmpr2a as the type II receptor for Amh in zebrafish. Interestingly, while disruption of amh or ar had delayed spermatogenesis, the double mutant (amh-/-;ar-/-) exhibited severely impaired spermatogenesis, highlighting their compensatory roles. While Amh deficiency led to testis hypertrophy, likely involving a compensatory increase in Ar signaling, Ar deficiency resulted in reduced hypertrophy in double mutant males. Furthermore, phenotype analysis of triple mutant (amh-/-;ar-/-;cyp19a1a-/-) provided evidence that Ar participated in early follicle development. This study provides novel insights into complex interplay between Amh and androgen signaling in zebrafish sex differentiation and gametogenesis, highlighting their distinct but cooperative roles in male development.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07719-3
spellingShingle Kun WU
Yiming YUE
Lingling ZHOU
Zhiwei ZHANG
Hong SHAN
Huanhuan HE
Wei GE
Disrupting Amh and androgen signaling reveals their distinct roles in zebrafish gonadal differentiation and gametogenesis
Communications Biology
title Disrupting Amh and androgen signaling reveals their distinct roles in zebrafish gonadal differentiation and gametogenesis
title_full Disrupting Amh and androgen signaling reveals their distinct roles in zebrafish gonadal differentiation and gametogenesis
title_fullStr Disrupting Amh and androgen signaling reveals their distinct roles in zebrafish gonadal differentiation and gametogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Disrupting Amh and androgen signaling reveals their distinct roles in zebrafish gonadal differentiation and gametogenesis
title_short Disrupting Amh and androgen signaling reveals their distinct roles in zebrafish gonadal differentiation and gametogenesis
title_sort disrupting amh and androgen signaling reveals their distinct roles in zebrafish gonadal differentiation and gametogenesis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07719-3
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