Comparative Mitogenomic Analyses of <i>Psectrocladius</i> (Diptera: Chironomidae)
<i>Psectrocladius</i>, a genus within the species-rich subfamily Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae), remains poorly resolved in molecular phylogenetics due to limited available molecular data. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitogenomes of five <i>Psectrocladius<...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Xue-Yao Chen Xiu-Ru Xiao Yan Zhang Zhi-Chao Zhang Dong-Sheng Zhang Zheng Liu Xiao-Long Lin |
| author_facet | Xue-Yao Chen Xiu-Ru Xiao Yan Zhang Zhi-Chao Zhang Dong-Sheng Zhang Zheng Liu Xiao-Long Lin |
| author_sort | Xue-Yao Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Psectrocladius</i>, a genus within the species-rich subfamily Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae), remains poorly resolved in molecular phylogenetics due to limited available molecular data. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitogenomes of five <i>Psectrocladius</i> species, using two <i>Rheocricotopus</i> species as outgroups. Our results reveal that the mitogenomes of <i>Psectrocladius</i> are structurally conserved and retain a presumed ancestral gene order. The nucleotide composition of these newly generated mitogenomes exhibits a pronounced A + T bias, which is characteristic of typical insect mitogenomes. The substitution rates, estimated using Ka/Ks ratios, indicate that all protein-coding genes are under purifying selection. The strongest purifying selection pressure was observed in the <i>CO1</i> gene, while the weakest was in the <i>ND5</i> gene. Both the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees consistently show the following topology: ((((<i>P. schlienzi</i> + <i>P. bisetus</i>) + <i>P. barbimanus</i>) + <i>P. oligosetus</i>) + <i>P. aquatronus</i>). This study provides key insights into chironomid mitogenomes and their gene properties, offering valuable reference data for future research. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ed0d1863a5c044b7a7022c929799507e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj-art-ed0d1863a5c044b7a7022c929799507e2025-08-20T02:28:23ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502025-04-0116442010.3390/insects16040420Comparative Mitogenomic Analyses of <i>Psectrocladius</i> (Diptera: Chironomidae)Xue-Yao Chen0Xiu-Ru Xiao1Yan Zhang2Zhi-Chao Zhang3Dong-Sheng Zhang4Zheng Liu5Xiao-Long Lin6Engineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaDepartment of Stratigraphy and Paleontology, Geological Museum of China, Beijing 100034, ChinaEngineering Research Center of Environmental DNA and Ecological Water Health Assessment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China<i>Psectrocladius</i>, a genus within the species-rich subfamily Orthocladiinae (Diptera: Chironomidae), remains poorly resolved in molecular phylogenetics due to limited available molecular data. Here, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitogenomes of five <i>Psectrocladius</i> species, using two <i>Rheocricotopus</i> species as outgroups. Our results reveal that the mitogenomes of <i>Psectrocladius</i> are structurally conserved and retain a presumed ancestral gene order. The nucleotide composition of these newly generated mitogenomes exhibits a pronounced A + T bias, which is characteristic of typical insect mitogenomes. The substitution rates, estimated using Ka/Ks ratios, indicate that all protein-coding genes are under purifying selection. The strongest purifying selection pressure was observed in the <i>CO1</i> gene, while the weakest was in the <i>ND5</i> gene. Both the maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees consistently show the following topology: ((((<i>P. schlienzi</i> + <i>P. bisetus</i>) + <i>P. barbimanus</i>) + <i>P. oligosetus</i>) + <i>P. aquatronus</i>). This study provides key insights into chironomid mitogenomes and their gene properties, offering valuable reference data for future research.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/4/420characteristicsOrthocladiinaemitogenomephylogeny |
| spellingShingle | Xue-Yao Chen Xiu-Ru Xiao Yan Zhang Zhi-Chao Zhang Dong-Sheng Zhang Zheng Liu Xiao-Long Lin Comparative Mitogenomic Analyses of <i>Psectrocladius</i> (Diptera: Chironomidae) Insects characteristics Orthocladiinae mitogenome phylogeny |
| title | Comparative Mitogenomic Analyses of <i>Psectrocladius</i> (Diptera: Chironomidae) |
| title_full | Comparative Mitogenomic Analyses of <i>Psectrocladius</i> (Diptera: Chironomidae) |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Mitogenomic Analyses of <i>Psectrocladius</i> (Diptera: Chironomidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Mitogenomic Analyses of <i>Psectrocladius</i> (Diptera: Chironomidae) |
| title_short | Comparative Mitogenomic Analyses of <i>Psectrocladius</i> (Diptera: Chironomidae) |
| title_sort | comparative mitogenomic analyses of i psectrocladius i diptera chironomidae |
| topic | characteristics Orthocladiinae mitogenome phylogeny |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/4/420 |
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