On-Surface Ullmann-Type Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halide Precursors with Multiple Substituted Sites

The fabrication of low-dimensional nanostructures through on-surface synthesis has emerged as a promising strategy for developing high-precision electronic devices. Among various reactions, Ullmann-type coupling (with carbon–halogen bond activation) stands out in this field as a prevalent methodolog...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Qiwei Liu, Yuhong Gao, Chi Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Nanomaterials
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/9/646
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Summary:The fabrication of low-dimensional nanostructures through on-surface synthesis has emerged as a promising strategy for developing high-precision electronic devices. Among various reactions, Ullmann-type coupling (with carbon–halogen bond activation) stands out in this field as a prevalent methodology due to its straightforward activation process, highly programmable characteristics, and remarkable synthetic efficiency. To date, on-surface Ullmann-type coupling reactions of aryl halide precursors have been extensively studied with the assistance of in situ characterization techniques. The resulting carbon-based nanostructures exhibit high structural diversity and significant potential for applications in molecular electronics. This review categorizes recent progress in the precise preparation of carbon-based nanostructures based on molecular precursors with distinct halogen substituted sites, including <i>para</i>-, <i>meta</i>-, and <i>ortho</i>-sites, <i>peri</i>- and <i>bay</i>-regions, and their combination. In addition, systematic analysis and comparative discussion of their respective characteristics is also provided.
ISSN:2079-4991