Prevalence of intraventricular hemorrhage and associated factors to in premature babies in selected teaching hospitals in Rwanda

Abstract Background Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a critical issue in premature infants, caused by the rupture of fragile brain blood vessels due to underdeveloped vasculature. IVH severity, graded by the Papile system in 4 grades, significantly impacts neurodevelopmental outcomes. Despite it...

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Main Authors: Jeanne Uwizeyimana, Marie Grace Sandra Musabwasoni, Christine Mbila Wabenya, Winifride Murekatete, Larissa Flave Ishimwe, Pacifique Umubyeyi, Alex Lola Mwana Ngoye, Glorieuse Uwingabiye, Thierry Claudien Uhawenimana
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-06-01
Series:BMC Pediatrics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05836-w
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author Jeanne Uwizeyimana
Marie Grace Sandra Musabwasoni
Christine Mbila Wabenya
Winifride Murekatete
Larissa Flave Ishimwe
Pacifique Umubyeyi
Alex Lola Mwana Ngoye
Glorieuse Uwingabiye
Thierry Claudien Uhawenimana
author_facet Jeanne Uwizeyimana
Marie Grace Sandra Musabwasoni
Christine Mbila Wabenya
Winifride Murekatete
Larissa Flave Ishimwe
Pacifique Umubyeyi
Alex Lola Mwana Ngoye
Glorieuse Uwingabiye
Thierry Claudien Uhawenimana
author_sort Jeanne Uwizeyimana
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a critical issue in premature infants, caused by the rupture of fragile brain blood vessels due to underdeveloped vasculature. IVH severity, graded by the Papile system in 4 grades, significantly impacts neurodevelopmental outcomes. Despite its severity Data on IVH in sub-Saharan Africa, including Rwanda, is limited. Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of IVH and identify contributing factors among premature infants in selected teaching hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda. Methodology A retrospective quantitative study analyzed 416 premature infants admitted to 2 Kigali teaching hospitals from 2020 to 2022. Data on demographics, maternal and neonatal factors, and medical interventions were collected from medical records, and statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and multivariate regression, assessed IVH prevalence and association. Results IVH prevalence was 25.0%, with most cases in grades I and II. Significant factors associated with IVH included neonatal transfer, low gestational age, low Apgar scores, low birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome, maternal infections, emergency cesarean sections, and certain invasive medical interventions such as suction and intubation. Conclusion This study highlights the complex risk factors for IVH in premature infants, underscoring the need for improved maternal and neonatal care to reduce IVH risk and enhance outcomes. The study’s limitations include its retrospective design, which relies on existing medical records that may contain inaccuracies in documentation, and its focus on data from only two hospitals, potentially limiting the generalizability of the findings. Further research is recommended to validate these results and explore long-term neurological development.
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spelling doaj-art-ed0184546e034995ba18bfb0e90816b82025-08-20T03:25:19ZengBMCBMC Pediatrics1471-24312025-06-0125111110.1186/s12887-025-05836-wPrevalence of intraventricular hemorrhage and associated factors to in premature babies in selected teaching hospitals in RwandaJeanne Uwizeyimana0Marie Grace Sandra Musabwasoni1Christine Mbila Wabenya2Winifride Murekatete3Larissa Flave Ishimwe4Pacifique Umubyeyi5Alex Lola Mwana Ngoye6Glorieuse Uwingabiye7Thierry Claudien Uhawenimana8Rwanda Military Referral and Teaching HospitalCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of RwandaCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of RwandaRwanda Military Referral and Teaching HospitalRwanda Military Referral and Teaching HospitalCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of RwandaDivine Grace Medical CenterInstitut d’Enseignement Superieur de RuhengeriCollege of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of RwandaAbstract Background Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a critical issue in premature infants, caused by the rupture of fragile brain blood vessels due to underdeveloped vasculature. IVH severity, graded by the Papile system in 4 grades, significantly impacts neurodevelopmental outcomes. Despite its severity Data on IVH in sub-Saharan Africa, including Rwanda, is limited. Objective This study aimed to determine the prevalence of IVH and identify contributing factors among premature infants in selected teaching hospitals in Kigali, Rwanda. Methodology A retrospective quantitative study analyzed 416 premature infants admitted to 2 Kigali teaching hospitals from 2020 to 2022. Data on demographics, maternal and neonatal factors, and medical interventions were collected from medical records, and statistical analyses, including chi-square tests and multivariate regression, assessed IVH prevalence and association. Results IVH prevalence was 25.0%, with most cases in grades I and II. Significant factors associated with IVH included neonatal transfer, low gestational age, low Apgar scores, low birth weight, respiratory distress syndrome, maternal infections, emergency cesarean sections, and certain invasive medical interventions such as suction and intubation. Conclusion This study highlights the complex risk factors for IVH in premature infants, underscoring the need for improved maternal and neonatal care to reduce IVH risk and enhance outcomes. The study’s limitations include its retrospective design, which relies on existing medical records that may contain inaccuracies in documentation, and its focus on data from only two hospitals, potentially limiting the generalizability of the findings. Further research is recommended to validate these results and explore long-term neurological development.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05836-wIntraventricular hemorrhagePremature babiesPrevalenceRisk factors
spellingShingle Jeanne Uwizeyimana
Marie Grace Sandra Musabwasoni
Christine Mbila Wabenya
Winifride Murekatete
Larissa Flave Ishimwe
Pacifique Umubyeyi
Alex Lola Mwana Ngoye
Glorieuse Uwingabiye
Thierry Claudien Uhawenimana
Prevalence of intraventricular hemorrhage and associated factors to in premature babies in selected teaching hospitals in Rwanda
BMC Pediatrics
Intraventricular hemorrhage
Premature babies
Prevalence
Risk factors
title Prevalence of intraventricular hemorrhage and associated factors to in premature babies in selected teaching hospitals in Rwanda
title_full Prevalence of intraventricular hemorrhage and associated factors to in premature babies in selected teaching hospitals in Rwanda
title_fullStr Prevalence of intraventricular hemorrhage and associated factors to in premature babies in selected teaching hospitals in Rwanda
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of intraventricular hemorrhage and associated factors to in premature babies in selected teaching hospitals in Rwanda
title_short Prevalence of intraventricular hemorrhage and associated factors to in premature babies in selected teaching hospitals in Rwanda
title_sort prevalence of intraventricular hemorrhage and associated factors to in premature babies in selected teaching hospitals in rwanda
topic Intraventricular hemorrhage
Premature babies
Prevalence
Risk factors
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-025-05836-w
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