Effect of Tadalafil on cardiac function and left ventricular dimensions in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: safety and cardiac MRI substudy results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial

Abstract Background Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) was hypothesized to slow disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Tadalafil, a once-daily PDE5 inhibitor, did not slow loss of ambulation in a phase 3 placebo-controlled trial. This report details the cardiac findings from...

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Main Authors: David Cox, Barry Byrne, David W. Hammers, John Landry, H. Lee Sweeney
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04727-3
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author David Cox
Barry Byrne
David W. Hammers
John Landry
H. Lee Sweeney
author_facet David Cox
Barry Byrne
David W. Hammers
John Landry
H. Lee Sweeney
author_sort David Cox
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) was hypothesized to slow disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Tadalafil, a once-daily PDE5 inhibitor, did not slow loss of ambulation in a phase 3 placebo-controlled trial. This report details the cardiac findings from this study. Methods Patients with DMD (N = 331) aged 7 to 14 years on stable glucocorticoids were randomized to tadalafil 0.3 mg/kg/day, 0.6 mg/kg/day, or placebo. Ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening, and M-mode ventricular dimensions were measured on echocardiograms. 12-lead ECGs were centrally evaluated for heart rate and intervals, and qualitative diagnoses. Vital signs and unsolicited adverse events were collected throughout the study. Cardiac MRI (CMR) was collected in a subset of 27 patients. Z-scores for ventricular dimensions and volumes were calculated based on published age-normative reference values. Treatment differences for change in continuous ECG parameters and vital signs were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Echocardiogram and CMR parameters were analyzed with an ANCOVA model. Results Tadalafil had no adverse effects on echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) EF or fractional shortening, ECG findings, or vital signs. Mean diastolic LV internal dimension (LVIDd) was increased in the tadalafil 0.6 mg/kg group versus placebo at Week 24 (+ 0.13 cm, p =.019) and Week 48 (+ 0.18 cm, p =.008), with a similar pattern observed for LV systolic dimensions (LVIDs). Mean LV end diastolic volume (EDV) measured by CMR also increased at Week 48 in the tadalafil 0.3 mg/kg (+ 13.0 ml, p =.047 vs. placebo) and 0.6 mg/kg (+ 12.0 ml, p =.08 vs. placebo) groups, with numerically smaller increases in LV EDV and commensurate increases in stroke volume and cardiac output. Z-scores for LVIDd and LV EDV were generally below the normal range at baseline and increased toward or within the normal range in the tadalafil groups but not in the placebo group. Conclusions No adverse effects of tadalafil on cardiovascular function were evident based on adverse events, echocardiograms, ECG, or vital sign measurements through 48 weeks in patients with DMD. The small mean increases in LVID and LV volume observed with tadalafil are consistent with PDE5 inhibitor pharmacology, but their clinical relevance in the context of LV tonic contraction in DMD is unknown and deserve further study. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01865084 (first registration date: 24-May-2013).
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spelling doaj-art-ecff533eeceb49b6a00fee5c7a03c3d72025-08-20T03:10:09ZengBMCBMC Cardiovascular Disorders1471-22612025-04-0125111410.1186/s12872-025-04727-3Effect of Tadalafil on cardiac function and left ventricular dimensions in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: safety and cardiac MRI substudy results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trialDavid Cox0Barry Byrne1David W. Hammers2John Landry3H. Lee Sweeney4Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and CompanyUniversity of FloridaUniversity of FloridaLilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and CompanyUniversity of FloridaAbstract Background Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) was hypothesized to slow disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Tadalafil, a once-daily PDE5 inhibitor, did not slow loss of ambulation in a phase 3 placebo-controlled trial. This report details the cardiac findings from this study. Methods Patients with DMD (N = 331) aged 7 to 14 years on stable glucocorticoids were randomized to tadalafil 0.3 mg/kg/day, 0.6 mg/kg/day, or placebo. Ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening, and M-mode ventricular dimensions were measured on echocardiograms. 12-lead ECGs were centrally evaluated for heart rate and intervals, and qualitative diagnoses. Vital signs and unsolicited adverse events were collected throughout the study. Cardiac MRI (CMR) was collected in a subset of 27 patients. Z-scores for ventricular dimensions and volumes were calculated based on published age-normative reference values. Treatment differences for change in continuous ECG parameters and vital signs were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Echocardiogram and CMR parameters were analyzed with an ANCOVA model. Results Tadalafil had no adverse effects on echocardiographic left ventricular (LV) EF or fractional shortening, ECG findings, or vital signs. Mean diastolic LV internal dimension (LVIDd) was increased in the tadalafil 0.6 mg/kg group versus placebo at Week 24 (+ 0.13 cm, p =.019) and Week 48 (+ 0.18 cm, p =.008), with a similar pattern observed for LV systolic dimensions (LVIDs). Mean LV end diastolic volume (EDV) measured by CMR also increased at Week 48 in the tadalafil 0.3 mg/kg (+ 13.0 ml, p =.047 vs. placebo) and 0.6 mg/kg (+ 12.0 ml, p =.08 vs. placebo) groups, with numerically smaller increases in LV EDV and commensurate increases in stroke volume and cardiac output. Z-scores for LVIDd and LV EDV were generally below the normal range at baseline and increased toward or within the normal range in the tadalafil groups but not in the placebo group. Conclusions No adverse effects of tadalafil on cardiovascular function were evident based on adverse events, echocardiograms, ECG, or vital sign measurements through 48 weeks in patients with DMD. The small mean increases in LVID and LV volume observed with tadalafil are consistent with PDE5 inhibitor pharmacology, but their clinical relevance in the context of LV tonic contraction in DMD is unknown and deserve further study. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01865084 (first registration date: 24-May-2013).https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04727-3Duchenne muscular dystrophyTadalafilPDE5 inhibitorCardiac
spellingShingle David Cox
Barry Byrne
David W. Hammers
John Landry
H. Lee Sweeney
Effect of Tadalafil on cardiac function and left ventricular dimensions in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: safety and cardiac MRI substudy results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Tadalafil
PDE5 inhibitor
Cardiac
title Effect of Tadalafil on cardiac function and left ventricular dimensions in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: safety and cardiac MRI substudy results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
title_full Effect of Tadalafil on cardiac function and left ventricular dimensions in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: safety and cardiac MRI substudy results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
title_fullStr Effect of Tadalafil on cardiac function and left ventricular dimensions in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: safety and cardiac MRI substudy results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Tadalafil on cardiac function and left ventricular dimensions in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: safety and cardiac MRI substudy results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
title_short Effect of Tadalafil on cardiac function and left ventricular dimensions in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: safety and cardiac MRI substudy results from a randomized, placebo-controlled trial
title_sort effect of tadalafil on cardiac function and left ventricular dimensions in duchenne muscular dystrophy safety and cardiac mri substudy results from a randomized placebo controlled trial
topic Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Tadalafil
PDE5 inhibitor
Cardiac
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-025-04727-3
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