Impacts of Digital Elevation Model Elevation Error on Terrain Gravity Field Calculations: A Case Study in the Wudalianchi Airborne Gravity Gradiometer Test Site, China

Accurate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are essential for precise terrain gravity field calculations, which are critical in gravity field modeling, airborne gravimeter and gradiometer calibration, and geophysical inversion. This study evaluates the accuracy of various satellite DEMs by comparing th...

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Main Authors: Lehan Wang, Meng Yang, Zhiyong Huang, Wei Feng, Xingyuan Yan, Min Zhong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/21/3948
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author Lehan Wang
Meng Yang
Zhiyong Huang
Wei Feng
Xingyuan Yan
Min Zhong
author_facet Lehan Wang
Meng Yang
Zhiyong Huang
Wei Feng
Xingyuan Yan
Min Zhong
author_sort Lehan Wang
collection DOAJ
description Accurate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are essential for precise terrain gravity field calculations, which are critical in gravity field modeling, airborne gravimeter and gradiometer calibration, and geophysical inversion. This study evaluates the accuracy of various satellite DEMs by comparing them with a LiDAR DEM at the Wudalianchi test site, a location requiring ultra-accurate terrain gravity fields. Major DEM error sources, particularly those related to vegetation, were identified and corrected using a least squares method that integrates canopy height, vegetation cover, NDVI, and airborne LiDAR DEM data. The impact of DEM vegetation errors on terrain gravity anomalies and gravity gradients was quantified using a partitioned adaptive gravity forward-modeling method at different measurement heights. The results indicate that the TanDEM-X DEM and AW3D30 DEM exhibit the highest vertical accuracy among the satellite DEMs evaluated in the Wudalianchi area. Vegetation significantly affects DEM accuracy, with vegetation-related errors causing an impact of approximately 0.17 mGal (RMS) on surface gravity anomalies. This effect is more pronounced in densely vegetated and volcanic regions. At 100 m above the surface and at an altitude of 1 km, vegetation height affects gravity anomalies by approximately 0.12 mGal and 0.07 mGal, respectively. Additionally, vegetation height impacts the vertical gravity gradient at 100 m above the surface by approximately 4.20 E (RMS), with errors up to 48.84 E over vegetation covered areas. The findings underscore the critical importance of using DEMs with vegetation errors removed for high-precision terrain gravity and gravity gradient modeling, particularly in applications such as airborne gravimeter and gradiometer calibration.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2072-4292
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publishDate 2024-10-01
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spelling doaj-art-ecfc67eaf1a740b29dedc408a532c9382024-11-08T14:40:17ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-10-011621394810.3390/rs16213948Impacts of Digital Elevation Model Elevation Error on Terrain Gravity Field Calculations: A Case Study in the Wudalianchi Airborne Gravity Gradiometer Test Site, ChinaLehan Wang0Meng Yang1Zhiyong Huang2Wei Feng3Xingyuan Yan4Min Zhong5School of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, ChinaSchool of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Geo-Information Engineering, Xi’an 710054, ChinaSchool of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, ChinaSchool of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, ChinaSchool of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, ChinaAccurate Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are essential for precise terrain gravity field calculations, which are critical in gravity field modeling, airborne gravimeter and gradiometer calibration, and geophysical inversion. This study evaluates the accuracy of various satellite DEMs by comparing them with a LiDAR DEM at the Wudalianchi test site, a location requiring ultra-accurate terrain gravity fields. Major DEM error sources, particularly those related to vegetation, were identified and corrected using a least squares method that integrates canopy height, vegetation cover, NDVI, and airborne LiDAR DEM data. The impact of DEM vegetation errors on terrain gravity anomalies and gravity gradients was quantified using a partitioned adaptive gravity forward-modeling method at different measurement heights. The results indicate that the TanDEM-X DEM and AW3D30 DEM exhibit the highest vertical accuracy among the satellite DEMs evaluated in the Wudalianchi area. Vegetation significantly affects DEM accuracy, with vegetation-related errors causing an impact of approximately 0.17 mGal (RMS) on surface gravity anomalies. This effect is more pronounced in densely vegetated and volcanic regions. At 100 m above the surface and at an altitude of 1 km, vegetation height affects gravity anomalies by approximately 0.12 mGal and 0.07 mGal, respectively. Additionally, vegetation height impacts the vertical gravity gradient at 100 m above the surface by approximately 4.20 E (RMS), with errors up to 48.84 E over vegetation covered areas. The findings underscore the critical importance of using DEMs with vegetation errors removed for high-precision terrain gravity and gravity gradient modeling, particularly in applications such as airborne gravimeter and gradiometer calibration.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/21/3948satellite DEMsterrain gravity fieldvegetation correctiongravity anomalygravity gradient
spellingShingle Lehan Wang
Meng Yang
Zhiyong Huang
Wei Feng
Xingyuan Yan
Min Zhong
Impacts of Digital Elevation Model Elevation Error on Terrain Gravity Field Calculations: A Case Study in the Wudalianchi Airborne Gravity Gradiometer Test Site, China
Remote Sensing
satellite DEMs
terrain gravity field
vegetation correction
gravity anomaly
gravity gradient
title Impacts of Digital Elevation Model Elevation Error on Terrain Gravity Field Calculations: A Case Study in the Wudalianchi Airborne Gravity Gradiometer Test Site, China
title_full Impacts of Digital Elevation Model Elevation Error on Terrain Gravity Field Calculations: A Case Study in the Wudalianchi Airborne Gravity Gradiometer Test Site, China
title_fullStr Impacts of Digital Elevation Model Elevation Error on Terrain Gravity Field Calculations: A Case Study in the Wudalianchi Airborne Gravity Gradiometer Test Site, China
title_full_unstemmed Impacts of Digital Elevation Model Elevation Error on Terrain Gravity Field Calculations: A Case Study in the Wudalianchi Airborne Gravity Gradiometer Test Site, China
title_short Impacts of Digital Elevation Model Elevation Error on Terrain Gravity Field Calculations: A Case Study in the Wudalianchi Airborne Gravity Gradiometer Test Site, China
title_sort impacts of digital elevation model elevation error on terrain gravity field calculations a case study in the wudalianchi airborne gravity gradiometer test site china
topic satellite DEMs
terrain gravity field
vegetation correction
gravity anomaly
gravity gradient
url https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/21/3948
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