Food-Grade Saponin Extract as an Emulsifier and Immunostimulant in Emulsion-Based Subunit Vaccine for Pigs
Subunit vaccines consisting of highly purified antigens require the presence of adjuvants to create effective and long-lasting protective immunity. Advances on adjuvant research include designing combination adjuvants which incorporate two or more adjuvants to enhance vaccine efficacy. Previously, a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2018-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8979838 |
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| author | Yulia Burakova Rachel Madera Lihua Wang Sterling Buist Karen Lleellish John R. Schlup Jishu Shi |
| author_facet | Yulia Burakova Rachel Madera Lihua Wang Sterling Buist Karen Lleellish John R. Schlup Jishu Shi |
| author_sort | Yulia Burakova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Subunit vaccines consisting of highly purified antigens require the presence of adjuvants to create effective and long-lasting protective immunity. Advances on adjuvant research include designing combination adjuvants which incorporate two or more adjuvants to enhance vaccine efficacy. Previously, an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant (OW-14) composed of mineral oil and an inexpensive gum Arabic emulsifier has been reported demonstrating enhanced and robust immune responses when used as an adjuvant in swine subunit vaccines. This study presents a modified version of OW-14 prepared with food-grade Quillaja saponin extract (OWq). In new OWq emulsion, saponin extract served as an emulsifier for stabilization of emulsion droplets and as an immunoactive compound. The use of saponins allowed to reduce the required amount of emulsifier in the original OW-14. However, emulsion stabilized with saponins demonstrated extended physical stability even at elevated temperature (37°C). The two-dose vaccination with a classical swine fever virus (CSFV) glycoprotein E2-based vaccine formulated with OWq produced higher levels of E2-specific IgG and virus neutralizing antibodies in pigs in contrast with animals that received the vaccine adjuvanted with oil only. In addition, new OWq adjuvant was safe to use in the vaccination of pigs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ecf9e20f9c2f4534ae4b9e357511b1cf |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-ecf9e20f9c2f4534ae4b9e357511b1cf2025-08-20T02:22:09ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562018-01-01201810.1155/2018/89798388979838Food-Grade Saponin Extract as an Emulsifier and Immunostimulant in Emulsion-Based Subunit Vaccine for PigsYulia Burakova0Rachel Madera1Lihua Wang2Sterling Buist3Karen Lleellish4John R. Schlup5Jishu Shi6Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Science, Kansas State University, 228 Coles Hall, 1620 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Science, Kansas State University, 228 Coles Hall, 1620 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Science, Kansas State University, 228 Coles Hall, 1620 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Science, Kansas State University, 228 Coles Hall, 1620 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Science, Kansas State University, 228 Coles Hall, 1620 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kansas State University, 1005 Durland Hall, 1701A Platt St, Manhattan, KS 66506, USADepartment of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Science, Kansas State University, 228 Coles Hall, 1620 Denison Ave, Manhattan, KS 66506, USASubunit vaccines consisting of highly purified antigens require the presence of adjuvants to create effective and long-lasting protective immunity. Advances on adjuvant research include designing combination adjuvants which incorporate two or more adjuvants to enhance vaccine efficacy. Previously, an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant (OW-14) composed of mineral oil and an inexpensive gum Arabic emulsifier has been reported demonstrating enhanced and robust immune responses when used as an adjuvant in swine subunit vaccines. This study presents a modified version of OW-14 prepared with food-grade Quillaja saponin extract (OWq). In new OWq emulsion, saponin extract served as an emulsifier for stabilization of emulsion droplets and as an immunoactive compound. The use of saponins allowed to reduce the required amount of emulsifier in the original OW-14. However, emulsion stabilized with saponins demonstrated extended physical stability even at elevated temperature (37°C). The two-dose vaccination with a classical swine fever virus (CSFV) glycoprotein E2-based vaccine formulated with OWq produced higher levels of E2-specific IgG and virus neutralizing antibodies in pigs in contrast with animals that received the vaccine adjuvanted with oil only. In addition, new OWq adjuvant was safe to use in the vaccination of pigs.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8979838 |
| spellingShingle | Yulia Burakova Rachel Madera Lihua Wang Sterling Buist Karen Lleellish John R. Schlup Jishu Shi Food-Grade Saponin Extract as an Emulsifier and Immunostimulant in Emulsion-Based Subunit Vaccine for Pigs Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | Food-Grade Saponin Extract as an Emulsifier and Immunostimulant in Emulsion-Based Subunit Vaccine for Pigs |
| title_full | Food-Grade Saponin Extract as an Emulsifier and Immunostimulant in Emulsion-Based Subunit Vaccine for Pigs |
| title_fullStr | Food-Grade Saponin Extract as an Emulsifier and Immunostimulant in Emulsion-Based Subunit Vaccine for Pigs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Food-Grade Saponin Extract as an Emulsifier and Immunostimulant in Emulsion-Based Subunit Vaccine for Pigs |
| title_short | Food-Grade Saponin Extract as an Emulsifier and Immunostimulant in Emulsion-Based Subunit Vaccine for Pigs |
| title_sort | food grade saponin extract as an emulsifier and immunostimulant in emulsion based subunit vaccine for pigs |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8979838 |
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