Effect of Changes in the Concentrations of Sodium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Citric Acid on the Surface Tension and Viscosity of Solutions of Certain Polymers

Background: The polymer’s improved properties enable its application in numerous fields. Different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl), citric acid (C6H8O7), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) were added to aqueous solutions of the following polymers: Polyacrylamide (PAM), Polyanionic cellulose l...

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Main Author: Najla Ali Elgheryani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Mustansiriyah University 2025-03-01
Series:Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science
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Online Access:https://mjs.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/MJS/article/view/1590
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author Najla Ali Elgheryani
author_facet Najla Ali Elgheryani
author_sort Najla Ali Elgheryani
collection DOAJ
description Background: The polymer’s improved properties enable its application in numerous fields. Different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl), citric acid (C6H8O7), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) were added to aqueous solutions of the following polymers: Polyacrylamide (PAM), Polyanionic cellulose low viscosity (PACLV), Carboxymethylcellulose low viscosity (CMCLV), and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), It was added to know the effect of the additives on the polymers of the samples studied and which ones improve the properties of the polymers more than others. Objective: The objective of this work is to improve certain physical properties of the polymers used in the samples. Methods: The weights of the droplets of the solutions were measured, and the time of its flow. Surface tension and surface tension force and energy were calculated, and relative viscosity, specific viscosity, reduced viscosity, inherent viscosity, and intrinsic viscosity were calculated. Results: The results obtained indicate an increase in the surface tension, where the change in concentrations of citric acid (C6H8O7) caused the largest increase to the surface tension of the solutions, while the surface tension of the solutions increased less when changing the concentrations of NaHCO3 and the increase in surface tension in the case of changing the concentrations of NaCl was less than changing the concentrations of both C6H8O7 and NaHCO3. Also, the relative viscosity of the polymer solutions increased. Conclusions: The effect of increasing concentrations of NaCl and C6H8O7 and NaHCO3 in the solutions were in different quantities depending on the polymer they affect, and this diversity and difference in the effect of the additives can be used in many fields such as those in the medical or industrial field, scientific research and oil fields. 
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spelling doaj-art-ecf38db4e9284877899af8df8612873b2025-08-20T03:41:00ZengMustansiriyah UniversityAl-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science1814-635X2521-35202025-03-0136110.23851/mjs.v36i1.1590Effect of Changes in the Concentrations of Sodium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Citric Acid on the Surface Tension and Viscosity of Solutions of Certain PolymersNajla Ali Elgheryani0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3379-5001Department of Physics, College of Education, University of Benghazi, Benghazi, Libya Background: The polymer’s improved properties enable its application in numerous fields. Different concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl), citric acid (C6H8O7), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) were added to aqueous solutions of the following polymers: Polyacrylamide (PAM), Polyanionic cellulose low viscosity (PACLV), Carboxymethylcellulose low viscosity (CMCLV), and Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), It was added to know the effect of the additives on the polymers of the samples studied and which ones improve the properties of the polymers more than others. Objective: The objective of this work is to improve certain physical properties of the polymers used in the samples. Methods: The weights of the droplets of the solutions were measured, and the time of its flow. Surface tension and surface tension force and energy were calculated, and relative viscosity, specific viscosity, reduced viscosity, inherent viscosity, and intrinsic viscosity were calculated. Results: The results obtained indicate an increase in the surface tension, where the change in concentrations of citric acid (C6H8O7) caused the largest increase to the surface tension of the solutions, while the surface tension of the solutions increased less when changing the concentrations of NaHCO3 and the increase in surface tension in the case of changing the concentrations of NaCl was less than changing the concentrations of both C6H8O7 and NaHCO3. Also, the relative viscosity of the polymer solutions increased. Conclusions: The effect of increasing concentrations of NaCl and C6H8O7 and NaHCO3 in the solutions were in different quantities depending on the polymer they affect, and this diversity and difference in the effect of the additives can be used in many fields such as those in the medical or industrial field, scientific research and oil fields.  https://mjs.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/MJS/article/view/1590Citric acidPolymers Sodium bicarbonateSodium chlorideViscosity
spellingShingle Najla Ali Elgheryani
Effect of Changes in the Concentrations of Sodium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Citric Acid on the Surface Tension and Viscosity of Solutions of Certain Polymers
Al-Mustansiriyah Journal of Science
Citric acid
Polymers
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium chloride
Viscosity
title Effect of Changes in the Concentrations of Sodium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Citric Acid on the Surface Tension and Viscosity of Solutions of Certain Polymers
title_full Effect of Changes in the Concentrations of Sodium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Citric Acid on the Surface Tension and Viscosity of Solutions of Certain Polymers
title_fullStr Effect of Changes in the Concentrations of Sodium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Citric Acid on the Surface Tension and Viscosity of Solutions of Certain Polymers
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Changes in the Concentrations of Sodium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Citric Acid on the Surface Tension and Viscosity of Solutions of Certain Polymers
title_short Effect of Changes in the Concentrations of Sodium Chloride, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Citric Acid on the Surface Tension and Viscosity of Solutions of Certain Polymers
title_sort effect of changes in the concentrations of sodium chloride sodium bicarbonate and citric acid on the surface tension and viscosity of solutions of certain polymers
topic Citric acid
Polymers
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium chloride
Viscosity
url https://mjs.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/index.php/MJS/article/view/1590
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