Radiographical Assessment of Injectable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement (Osteopaste) in Critical Size Bone Defects of Rabbit’s Tibia Model

Introduction: Recent advances in orthopaedic research focus on improving bone healing and grafting. Osteopaste, a synthetic bone cement made from tetra-calcium phosphate (TTCP) and tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) has been developed to overcome limitations of traditional bone grafts. This study evaluates...

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Main Authors: Che-Seman CNZ, Zakaria Z, Buyong Z, Md-Ralib AR, Sharifudin MA, Mohd-Jan NH
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Malaysian Orthopaedic Association 2025-07-01
Series:Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal
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Online Access:https://www.morthoj.org/2025/v19n2/osteopaste-bone-rabbit.pdf
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author Che-Seman CNZ
Zakaria Z
Buyong Z
Md-Ralib AR
Sharifudin MA
Mohd-Jan NH
author_facet Che-Seman CNZ
Zakaria Z
Buyong Z
Md-Ralib AR
Sharifudin MA
Mohd-Jan NH
author_sort Che-Seman CNZ
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Recent advances in orthopaedic research focus on improving bone healing and grafting. Osteopaste, a synthetic bone cement made from tetra-calcium phosphate (TTCP) and tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) has been developed to overcome limitations of traditional bone grafts. This study evaluates the radiographic density and new bone formation to bridge the critical size defect of Osteopaste compared to two other synthetic grafts, JectOS (calcium phosphate) and MIIG-X3 (calcium sulfate) at 6, 12, and 24 weeks. Materials and methods: A critical size defect measuring approximately 4.5mm (width) x 9.0mm (length) was surgically created at the proximal tibial metaphysis and implanted with Osteopaste, JectOS, or MIIG-X3. Following cement implantation, surrounding soft tissues were repositioned and sutured with bioabsorbable surgical suture. Bone defect healing and cement density were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans at 6, 12, and 24 weeks. Results: The Osteopaste group showed radiographic density levels between those of JectOS and MIIG-X3. JectOS had the highest density, while Osteopaste was higher than MIIG-X3. In the Osteopaste group, new bone formation bridged the critical size defect by 12 weeks, but no bridging occurred in the other two groups at any time point. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in mean density among the groups at 6, 12, and 24 weeks (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Osteopaste effectively promotes new bone formation. Its performance falls between that of JectOS, which has the highest density, and MIIG-X3. These results suggest that Osteopaste could be a useful alternative for bone grafting.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-eced2d197ea64ec1b06eb2a3e9c024982025-08-20T02:56:50ZengMalaysian Orthopaedic AssociationMalaysian Orthopaedic Journal1985-25332232-111X2025-07-011921910.5704/MOJ.2507.005Radiographical Assessment of Injectable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement (Osteopaste) in Critical Size Bone Defects of Rabbit’s Tibia ModelChe-Seman CNZ0Zakaria Z1Buyong Z2Md-Ralib AR3Sharifudin MA4 Mohd-Jan NH5Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Basic Medical Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Radiology, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, MalaysiaDepartment of Orthopaedics, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, MalaysiaDepartment of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Rehabilitation, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, MalaysiaIntroduction: Recent advances in orthopaedic research focus on improving bone healing and grafting. Osteopaste, a synthetic bone cement made from tetra-calcium phosphate (TTCP) and tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) has been developed to overcome limitations of traditional bone grafts. This study evaluates the radiographic density and new bone formation to bridge the critical size defect of Osteopaste compared to two other synthetic grafts, JectOS (calcium phosphate) and MIIG-X3 (calcium sulfate) at 6, 12, and 24 weeks. Materials and methods: A critical size defect measuring approximately 4.5mm (width) x 9.0mm (length) was surgically created at the proximal tibial metaphysis and implanted with Osteopaste, JectOS, or MIIG-X3. Following cement implantation, surrounding soft tissues were repositioned and sutured with bioabsorbable surgical suture. Bone defect healing and cement density were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans at 6, 12, and 24 weeks. Results: The Osteopaste group showed radiographic density levels between those of JectOS and MIIG-X3. JectOS had the highest density, while Osteopaste was higher than MIIG-X3. In the Osteopaste group, new bone formation bridged the critical size defect by 12 weeks, but no bridging occurred in the other two groups at any time point. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in mean density among the groups at 6, 12, and 24 weeks (P<0.0001). Conclusion: Osteopaste effectively promotes new bone formation. Its performance falls between that of JectOS, which has the highest density, and MIIG-X3. These results suggest that Osteopaste could be a useful alternative for bone grafting. https://www.morthoj.org/2025/v19n2/osteopaste-bone-rabbit.pdfcritical size defectcalcium phosphatecalcium sulphatebone formationosteointegration
spellingShingle Che-Seman CNZ
Zakaria Z
Buyong Z
Md-Ralib AR
Sharifudin MA
Mohd-Jan NH
Radiographical Assessment of Injectable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement (Osteopaste) in Critical Size Bone Defects of Rabbit’s Tibia Model
Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal
critical size defect
calcium phosphate
calcium sulphate
bone formation
osteointegration
title Radiographical Assessment of Injectable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement (Osteopaste) in Critical Size Bone Defects of Rabbit’s Tibia Model
title_full Radiographical Assessment of Injectable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement (Osteopaste) in Critical Size Bone Defects of Rabbit’s Tibia Model
title_fullStr Radiographical Assessment of Injectable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement (Osteopaste) in Critical Size Bone Defects of Rabbit’s Tibia Model
title_full_unstemmed Radiographical Assessment of Injectable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement (Osteopaste) in Critical Size Bone Defects of Rabbit’s Tibia Model
title_short Radiographical Assessment of Injectable Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement (Osteopaste) in Critical Size Bone Defects of Rabbit’s Tibia Model
title_sort radiographical assessment of injectable calcium phosphate bone cement osteopaste in critical size bone defects of rabbit s tibia model
topic critical size defect
calcium phosphate
calcium sulphate
bone formation
osteointegration
url https://www.morthoj.org/2025/v19n2/osteopaste-bone-rabbit.pdf
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