Superior Photodegradation of Bentazon and Nile Blue and Their Binary Mixture Using Sol–Gel Synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Under UV and Sunlight Sources

Herbicides and dyes in wastewater are considered serious water pollutants. These water pollutants have harmful effects on the ecosystem and due to this, the degradation of these pollutants is very important. In this article, titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles were synthesiz...

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Main Authors: Sadaf Yasmeen, Luca Burratti, Leonardo Duranti, Emanuela Sgreccia, Antonio Agresti, Paolo Prosposito
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/1899
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author Sadaf Yasmeen
Luca Burratti
Leonardo Duranti
Emanuela Sgreccia
Antonio Agresti
Paolo Prosposito
author_facet Sadaf Yasmeen
Luca Burratti
Leonardo Duranti
Emanuela Sgreccia
Antonio Agresti
Paolo Prosposito
author_sort Sadaf Yasmeen
collection DOAJ
description Herbicides and dyes in wastewater are considered serious water pollutants. These water pollutants have harmful effects on the ecosystem and due to this, the degradation of these pollutants is very important. In this article, titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol–gel method and used as photocatalysts. TiO<sub>2</sub> powder was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The XRD analysis revealed the anatase phase for TiO<sub>2</sub>. The SEM investigation showed that TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles exhibit highly irregular block-shaped morphology. TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles degrade the organic pollutants under UV as well as sunlight. The photocatalytic activity of such prepared catalyst was carried out in solutions of bentazon herbicide (BZ) and Nile blue dye (NB) and in the mixture of these pollutants, under UV and sunlight. The degradation rate of both BZ and NB was very high in individual solutions as well as in the combination of them. The obtained results show that TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalyst is a potential candidate for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes and herbicides under UV and sunlight.
format Article
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issn 2076-3417
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publishDate 2025-02-01
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spelling doaj-art-eced00fac58043edac7dfbf6845bf3472025-08-20T03:11:20ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-02-01154189910.3390/app15041899Superior Photodegradation of Bentazon and Nile Blue and Their Binary Mixture Using Sol–Gel Synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Under UV and Sunlight SourcesSadaf Yasmeen0Luca Burratti1Leonardo Duranti2Emanuela Sgreccia3Antonio Agresti4Paolo Prosposito5Industrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Engineering and Sciences, Mercatorum University, Piazza Mattei 10, 00186 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyIndustrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyIndustrial Engineering Department, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, ItalyHerbicides and dyes in wastewater are considered serious water pollutants. These water pollutants have harmful effects on the ecosystem and due to this, the degradation of these pollutants is very important. In this article, titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles were synthesized by the sol–gel method and used as photocatalysts. TiO<sub>2</sub> powder was characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The XRD analysis revealed the anatase phase for TiO<sub>2</sub>. The SEM investigation showed that TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles exhibit highly irregular block-shaped morphology. TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles degrade the organic pollutants under UV as well as sunlight. The photocatalytic activity of such prepared catalyst was carried out in solutions of bentazon herbicide (BZ) and Nile blue dye (NB) and in the mixture of these pollutants, under UV and sunlight. The degradation rate of both BZ and NB was very high in individual solutions as well as in the combination of them. The obtained results show that TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalyst is a potential candidate for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes and herbicides under UV and sunlight.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/1899TiO<sub>2</sub>sol–gel synthesisphotocatalysisbentazon herbicideNile blue dye
spellingShingle Sadaf Yasmeen
Luca Burratti
Leonardo Duranti
Emanuela Sgreccia
Antonio Agresti
Paolo Prosposito
Superior Photodegradation of Bentazon and Nile Blue and Their Binary Mixture Using Sol–Gel Synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Under UV and Sunlight Sources
Applied Sciences
TiO<sub>2</sub>
sol–gel synthesis
photocatalysis
bentazon herbicide
Nile blue dye
title Superior Photodegradation of Bentazon and Nile Blue and Their Binary Mixture Using Sol–Gel Synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Under UV and Sunlight Sources
title_full Superior Photodegradation of Bentazon and Nile Blue and Their Binary Mixture Using Sol–Gel Synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Under UV and Sunlight Sources
title_fullStr Superior Photodegradation of Bentazon and Nile Blue and Their Binary Mixture Using Sol–Gel Synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Under UV and Sunlight Sources
title_full_unstemmed Superior Photodegradation of Bentazon and Nile Blue and Their Binary Mixture Using Sol–Gel Synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Under UV and Sunlight Sources
title_short Superior Photodegradation of Bentazon and Nile Blue and Their Binary Mixture Using Sol–Gel Synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles Under UV and Sunlight Sources
title_sort superior photodegradation of bentazon and nile blue and their binary mixture using sol gel synthesized tio sub 2 sub nanoparticles under uv and sunlight sources
topic TiO<sub>2</sub>
sol–gel synthesis
photocatalysis
bentazon herbicide
Nile blue dye
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/1899
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