The Role of Chemotactic Cytokines in Tick-Borne Encephalitis

In tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), the central nervous system (CNS) is infiltrated by a mixed leukocyte population contributing both to the infection control and the immune-mediated pathology. To elucidate the roles of chemotactic cytokines in this process, we measured concentrations of 25 cytokines...

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Main Authors: Sambor Grygorczuk, Piotr Czupryna, Diana Martonik, Anna Parfieniuk-Kowerda, Justyna Adamczuk, Justyna Dunaj-Małyszko, Maciej Giecko, Joanna Osada, Miłosz Parczewski, Robert Flisiak, Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Cells
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/7/490
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author Sambor Grygorczuk
Piotr Czupryna
Diana Martonik
Anna Parfieniuk-Kowerda
Justyna Adamczuk
Justyna Dunaj-Małyszko
Maciej Giecko
Joanna Osada
Miłosz Parczewski
Robert Flisiak
Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
author_facet Sambor Grygorczuk
Piotr Czupryna
Diana Martonik
Anna Parfieniuk-Kowerda
Justyna Adamczuk
Justyna Dunaj-Małyszko
Maciej Giecko
Joanna Osada
Miłosz Parczewski
Robert Flisiak
Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
author_sort Sambor Grygorczuk
collection DOAJ
description In tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), the central nervous system (CNS) is infiltrated by a mixed leukocyte population contributing both to the infection control and the immune-mediated pathology. To elucidate the roles of chemotactic cytokines in this process, we measured concentrations of 25 cytokines in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) simultaneously with total CSF leukocyte count (pleocytosis) and leukocyte subpopulation counts in 103 TBE patients. We created models describing the dependence of pleocytosis and clinical severity on cytokine concentrations. Ten polymorphisms in genes for cytokines or their receptors were studied with rtPCR in patients’ DNA samples. The strongest chemotactic gradients towards CSF were created by CXCL1, IL-8, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL7, CCL8, CCL19 and CCL20. Neutrophil counts in CSF correlated with concentrations of CXCL1 and IL-8 and lymphocyte counts with IL-16, CCL19, CCL20, CCL4, CXCL12, and CXCL13. The milder disease is associated with CCL11, CCL19, CXCL10 and CXCL13,-while the more severe with CXCL1 and CCL20. The polymorphisms in the genes <i>CCR2</i>, <i>CCL5</i>, <i>CXCR3</i> and <i>CX3CR1</i> are associated with the cytokine concentrations and pleocytosis, but not with clinical severity. Multiple chemotactic cytokines contribute to pleocytosis in TBE, with no straightforward relationship between their effects on pleocytosis and the clinical presentation.
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spelling doaj-art-ece0d14a3fad4530bae3b0505b107ce02025-08-20T02:09:11ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092025-03-0114749010.3390/cells14070490The Role of Chemotactic Cytokines in Tick-Borne EncephalitisSambor Grygorczuk0Piotr Czupryna1Diana Martonik2Anna Parfieniuk-Kowerda3Justyna Adamczuk4Justyna Dunaj-Małyszko5Maciej Giecko6Joanna Osada7Miłosz Parczewski8Robert Flisiak9Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska10Department of the Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University in Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, PolandDepartment of the Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University in Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, PolandDepartment of the Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University in Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, PolandDepartment of the Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University in Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, PolandUniversity Hospital in Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, PolandDepartment of the Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University in Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, PolandDepartment of the Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University in Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, PolandDepartment of the Hematologic Diagnostics, Medical University in Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, PolandDepartment of the Infectious Diseases, Tropical Diseases and Acquired Immunodeficiencies, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-204 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of the Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University in Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, PolandDepartment of the Infectious Diseases and Neuroinfections, Medical University in Białystok, 15-089 Białystok, PolandIn tick-borne encephalitis (TBE), the central nervous system (CNS) is infiltrated by a mixed leukocyte population contributing both to the infection control and the immune-mediated pathology. To elucidate the roles of chemotactic cytokines in this process, we measured concentrations of 25 cytokines in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) simultaneously with total CSF leukocyte count (pleocytosis) and leukocyte subpopulation counts in 103 TBE patients. We created models describing the dependence of pleocytosis and clinical severity on cytokine concentrations. Ten polymorphisms in genes for cytokines or their receptors were studied with rtPCR in patients’ DNA samples. The strongest chemotactic gradients towards CSF were created by CXCL1, IL-8, CXCL10, CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL7, CCL8, CCL19 and CCL20. Neutrophil counts in CSF correlated with concentrations of CXCL1 and IL-8 and lymphocyte counts with IL-16, CCL19, CCL20, CCL4, CXCL12, and CXCL13. The milder disease is associated with CCL11, CCL19, CXCL10 and CXCL13,-while the more severe with CXCL1 and CCL20. The polymorphisms in the genes <i>CCR2</i>, <i>CCL5</i>, <i>CXCR3</i> and <i>CX3CR1</i> are associated with the cytokine concentrations and pleocytosis, but not with clinical severity. Multiple chemotactic cytokines contribute to pleocytosis in TBE, with no straightforward relationship between their effects on pleocytosis and the clinical presentation.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/7/490tick-borne encephalitiscerebrospinal fluidintrathecal immunitypleocytosischemotaxischemokines
spellingShingle Sambor Grygorczuk
Piotr Czupryna
Diana Martonik
Anna Parfieniuk-Kowerda
Justyna Adamczuk
Justyna Dunaj-Małyszko
Maciej Giecko
Joanna Osada
Miłosz Parczewski
Robert Flisiak
Anna Moniuszko-Malinowska
The Role of Chemotactic Cytokines in Tick-Borne Encephalitis
Cells
tick-borne encephalitis
cerebrospinal fluid
intrathecal immunity
pleocytosis
chemotaxis
chemokines
title The Role of Chemotactic Cytokines in Tick-Borne Encephalitis
title_full The Role of Chemotactic Cytokines in Tick-Borne Encephalitis
title_fullStr The Role of Chemotactic Cytokines in Tick-Borne Encephalitis
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Chemotactic Cytokines in Tick-Borne Encephalitis
title_short The Role of Chemotactic Cytokines in Tick-Borne Encephalitis
title_sort role of chemotactic cytokines in tick borne encephalitis
topic tick-borne encephalitis
cerebrospinal fluid
intrathecal immunity
pleocytosis
chemotaxis
chemokines
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/7/490
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