Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of hand hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices among healthcare workers in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala in the COVID-19 context.

Healthcare workers and patients are at continual risk for healthcare-associated infections due to poor hand hygiene. Programs that support appropriate hand hygiene practices may mitigate this risk, although implementation is challenged by several barriers, including limited availability of hand hygi...

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Main Authors: Paulina Garzaro, Natalie Fahsen, Michelle M Pieters, Christina Craig, Caroline Q Pratt, Matthew J Lozier, Celia Cordon-Rosales, Douglas R Call, Brooke M Ramay
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2025-01-01
Series:PLOS Global Public Health
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0004546
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author Paulina Garzaro
Natalie Fahsen
Michelle M Pieters
Christina Craig
Caroline Q Pratt
Matthew J Lozier
Celia Cordon-Rosales
Douglas R Call
Brooke M Ramay
author_facet Paulina Garzaro
Natalie Fahsen
Michelle M Pieters
Christina Craig
Caroline Q Pratt
Matthew J Lozier
Celia Cordon-Rosales
Douglas R Call
Brooke M Ramay
author_sort Paulina Garzaro
collection DOAJ
description Healthcare workers and patients are at continual risk for healthcare-associated infections due to poor hand hygiene. Programs that support appropriate hand hygiene practices may mitigate this risk, although implementation is challenged by several barriers, including limited availability of hand hygiene products at the point of care, as described by the world health organization (WHO). In this study, we used mixed methodologies, including in-depth interviews and surveys to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and barriers to appropriate hand hygiene practices among healthcare workers from 19 public primary and secondary healthcare facilities in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. The qualitative data analyzed by thematic axes and quantitative data are described. We found that healthcare workers have a strong understanding of the importance of hand hygiene and how it contributes to patient health. We encountered knowledge gaps about the route of transmission of pathogens and how to prevent spread. Nevertheless, healthcare workers acknowledged the importance of training programs to strengthen hand hygiene practices. Potential barriers to improving hand hygiene practices included a lack of adequate infrastructure and resources for practicing hand hygiene with alcohol hand sanitizer, soap, and water. The results of this evaluation provide useful information for supporting hand hygiene practices in participant healthcare facilities and contributes to efforts to reduce the risks of healthcare-associated infections. Our findings likely apply to local healthcare facilities in other low- and middle-income countries and may be used to design hand hygiene educational materials for healthcare workers.
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spelling doaj-art-ece07658a6e34622970c2dc4544a259a2025-08-20T03:13:40ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLOS Global Public Health2767-33752025-01-0155e000454610.1371/journal.pgph.0004546Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of hand hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices among healthcare workers in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala in the COVID-19 context.Paulina GarzaroNatalie FahsenMichelle M PietersChristina CraigCaroline Q PrattMatthew J LozierCelia Cordon-RosalesDouglas R CallBrooke M RamayHealthcare workers and patients are at continual risk for healthcare-associated infections due to poor hand hygiene. Programs that support appropriate hand hygiene practices may mitigate this risk, although implementation is challenged by several barriers, including limited availability of hand hygiene products at the point of care, as described by the world health organization (WHO). In this study, we used mixed methodologies, including in-depth interviews and surveys to assess the knowledge, attitudes, practices, and barriers to appropriate hand hygiene practices among healthcare workers from 19 public primary and secondary healthcare facilities in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala. The qualitative data analyzed by thematic axes and quantitative data are described. We found that healthcare workers have a strong understanding of the importance of hand hygiene and how it contributes to patient health. We encountered knowledge gaps about the route of transmission of pathogens and how to prevent spread. Nevertheless, healthcare workers acknowledged the importance of training programs to strengthen hand hygiene practices. Potential barriers to improving hand hygiene practices included a lack of adequate infrastructure and resources for practicing hand hygiene with alcohol hand sanitizer, soap, and water. The results of this evaluation provide useful information for supporting hand hygiene practices in participant healthcare facilities and contributes to efforts to reduce the risks of healthcare-associated infections. Our findings likely apply to local healthcare facilities in other low- and middle-income countries and may be used to design hand hygiene educational materials for healthcare workers.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0004546
spellingShingle Paulina Garzaro
Natalie Fahsen
Michelle M Pieters
Christina Craig
Caroline Q Pratt
Matthew J Lozier
Celia Cordon-Rosales
Douglas R Call
Brooke M Ramay
Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of hand hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices among healthcare workers in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala in the COVID-19 context.
PLOS Global Public Health
title Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of hand hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices among healthcare workers in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala in the COVID-19 context.
title_full Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of hand hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices among healthcare workers in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala in the COVID-19 context.
title_fullStr Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of hand hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices among healthcare workers in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala in the COVID-19 context.
title_full_unstemmed Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of hand hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices among healthcare workers in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala in the COVID-19 context.
title_short Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of hand hygiene knowledge, attitudes, and practices among healthcare workers in Quetzaltenango, Guatemala in the COVID-19 context.
title_sort qualitative and quantitative evaluation of hand hygiene knowledge attitudes and practices among healthcare workers in quetzaltenango guatemala in the covid 19 context
url https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0004546
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