On the Mechanics of a Fiber Network-Reinforced Elastic Sheet Subjected to Uniaxial Extension and Bilateral Flexure

The mechanics of an elastic sheet reinforced with fiber mesh is investigated when undergoing bilateral in-plane bending and stretching. The strain energy of FRC is formulated by accounting for the matrix strain energy contribution and the fiber network deformations of extension, flexure, and torsion...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Wenhao Yao, Heung Soo Kim, Chun Il Kim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Mathematics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/13/2201
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849319813229314048
author Wenhao Yao
Heung Soo Kim
Chun Il Kim
author_facet Wenhao Yao
Heung Soo Kim
Chun Il Kim
author_sort Wenhao Yao
collection DOAJ
description The mechanics of an elastic sheet reinforced with fiber mesh is investigated when undergoing bilateral in-plane bending and stretching. The strain energy of FRC is formulated by accounting for the matrix strain energy contribution and the fiber network deformations of extension, flexure, and torsion, where the strain energy potential of the matrix material is characterized via the Mooney–Rivlin strain energy model and the fiber kinematics is computed via the first and second gradient of deformations. By applying the variational principle on the strain energy of FRC, the Euler–Lagrange equilibrium equations are derived and then solved numerically. The theoretical results highlight the matrix and meshwork deformations of FRC subjected to bilateral bending and stretching simultaneously, and it is found that the interaction between bilateral extension and bending manipulates the matrix and network deformation. It is theoretically observed that the transverse Lagrange strain peaks near the bilateral boundary while the longitudinal strain is intensified inside the FRC domain. The continuum model further demonstrates the bidirectional mesh network deformations in the case of plain woven, from which the extension and flexure kinematics of fiber units are illustrated to examine the effects of fiber unit deformations on the overall deformations of the fiber network. To reduce the observed matrix-network dislocation in the case of plain network reinforcement, the pantographic network reinforcement is investigated, suggesting that the bilateral stretch results in the reduced intersection angle at the mesh joints in the FRC domain. For validation of the continuum model, the obtained results are cross-examined with the existing experimental results depicting the failure mode of conventional fiber-reinforced composites to demonstrate the practical utility of the proposed model.
format Article
id doaj-art-ecd943e093c243a8b773d1e2be039cb5
institution Kabale University
issn 2227-7390
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Mathematics
spelling doaj-art-ecd943e093c243a8b773d1e2be039cb52025-08-20T03:50:17ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-07-011313220110.3390/math13132201On the Mechanics of a Fiber Network-Reinforced Elastic Sheet Subjected to Uniaxial Extension and Bilateral FlexureWenhao Yao0Heung Soo Kim1Chun Il Kim2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, ChinaDepartment of Mechanical, Robotics and Energy Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G8, CanadaThe mechanics of an elastic sheet reinforced with fiber mesh is investigated when undergoing bilateral in-plane bending and stretching. The strain energy of FRC is formulated by accounting for the matrix strain energy contribution and the fiber network deformations of extension, flexure, and torsion, where the strain energy potential of the matrix material is characterized via the Mooney–Rivlin strain energy model and the fiber kinematics is computed via the first and second gradient of deformations. By applying the variational principle on the strain energy of FRC, the Euler–Lagrange equilibrium equations are derived and then solved numerically. The theoretical results highlight the matrix and meshwork deformations of FRC subjected to bilateral bending and stretching simultaneously, and it is found that the interaction between bilateral extension and bending manipulates the matrix and network deformation. It is theoretically observed that the transverse Lagrange strain peaks near the bilateral boundary while the longitudinal strain is intensified inside the FRC domain. The continuum model further demonstrates the bidirectional mesh network deformations in the case of plain woven, from which the extension and flexure kinematics of fiber units are illustrated to examine the effects of fiber unit deformations on the overall deformations of the fiber network. To reduce the observed matrix-network dislocation in the case of plain network reinforcement, the pantographic network reinforcement is investigated, suggesting that the bilateral stretch results in the reduced intersection angle at the mesh joints in the FRC domain. For validation of the continuum model, the obtained results are cross-examined with the existing experimental results depicting the failure mode of conventional fiber-reinforced composites to demonstrate the practical utility of the proposed model.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/13/2201fiber-reinforced compositesplain networkpantographic networkstrain gradient deformation
spellingShingle Wenhao Yao
Heung Soo Kim
Chun Il Kim
On the Mechanics of a Fiber Network-Reinforced Elastic Sheet Subjected to Uniaxial Extension and Bilateral Flexure
Mathematics
fiber-reinforced composites
plain network
pantographic network
strain gradient deformation
title On the Mechanics of a Fiber Network-Reinforced Elastic Sheet Subjected to Uniaxial Extension and Bilateral Flexure
title_full On the Mechanics of a Fiber Network-Reinforced Elastic Sheet Subjected to Uniaxial Extension and Bilateral Flexure
title_fullStr On the Mechanics of a Fiber Network-Reinforced Elastic Sheet Subjected to Uniaxial Extension and Bilateral Flexure
title_full_unstemmed On the Mechanics of a Fiber Network-Reinforced Elastic Sheet Subjected to Uniaxial Extension and Bilateral Flexure
title_short On the Mechanics of a Fiber Network-Reinforced Elastic Sheet Subjected to Uniaxial Extension and Bilateral Flexure
title_sort on the mechanics of a fiber network reinforced elastic sheet subjected to uniaxial extension and bilateral flexure
topic fiber-reinforced composites
plain network
pantographic network
strain gradient deformation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/13/2201
work_keys_str_mv AT wenhaoyao onthemechanicsofafibernetworkreinforcedelasticsheetsubjectedtouniaxialextensionandbilateralflexure
AT heungsookim onthemechanicsofafibernetworkreinforcedelasticsheetsubjectedtouniaxialextensionandbilateralflexure
AT chunilkim onthemechanicsofafibernetworkreinforcedelasticsheetsubjectedtouniaxialextensionandbilateralflexure