Inequality and Social Ties: Evidence from 15 U.S. Data Sets

What is the relationship between inequality and social ties? Do personal networks, group memberships, and connections to social resources help level the playing field, or do they reinforce economic disparities? We examine two core empirical issues: the degree of inequality in social ties and their...

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Main Authors: Cristobal Young, Benjamin Cornwell, Barum Park, Nan Feng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Society for Sociological Science 2025-05-01
Series:Sociological Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v12-14-294/
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author Cristobal Young
Benjamin Cornwell
Barum Park
Nan Feng
author_facet Cristobal Young
Benjamin Cornwell
Barum Park
Nan Feng
author_sort Cristobal Young
collection DOAJ
description What is the relationship between inequality and social ties? Do personal networks, group memberships, and connections to social resources help level the playing field, or do they reinforce economic disparities? We examine two core empirical issues: the degree of inequality in social ties and their consolidation with income. Using 142,000 person-wave observations from 15 high-quality U.S. data sets, we measure the quantity and quality of social ties and examine their distribution. Our findings show that (1) the Gini coefficient for social ties often exceeds that of income and (2) social ties are concentrated among those with the highest incomes. We introduce an overall inequality–consolidation curve, demonstrating that social ties generally reinforce economic inequality. However, we identify one key exception: there is no class gradient in the use of social ties for job search. These findings contribute to debates about the role of social ties in perpetuating or mitigating inequality.
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spelling doaj-art-eccecc2e39f94ec7a3f62899f789a6d02025-08-20T02:59:11ZengSociety for Sociological ScienceSociological Science2330-66962025-05-01121429432110.15195/v12.a14Inequality and Social Ties: Evidence from 15 U.S. Data SetsCristobal Young0Benjamin Cornwell1Barum Park2Nan Feng3Cornell UniversityCornell UniversityCornell UniversityNew York UniversityWhat is the relationship between inequality and social ties? Do personal networks, group memberships, and connections to social resources help level the playing field, or do they reinforce economic disparities? We examine two core empirical issues: the degree of inequality in social ties and their consolidation with income. Using 142,000 person-wave observations from 15 high-quality U.S. data sets, we measure the quantity and quality of social ties and examine their distribution. Our findings show that (1) the Gini coefficient for social ties often exceeds that of income and (2) social ties are concentrated among those with the highest incomes. We introduce an overall inequality–consolidation curve, demonstrating that social ties generally reinforce economic inequality. However, we identify one key exception: there is no class gradient in the use of social ties for job search. These findings contribute to debates about the role of social ties in perpetuating or mitigating inequality. https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v12-14-294/social tiesinequalitynetworkseconomyjob search
spellingShingle Cristobal Young
Benjamin Cornwell
Barum Park
Nan Feng
Inequality and Social Ties: Evidence from 15 U.S. Data Sets
Sociological Science
social ties
inequality
networks
economy
job search
title Inequality and Social Ties: Evidence from 15 U.S. Data Sets
title_full Inequality and Social Ties: Evidence from 15 U.S. Data Sets
title_fullStr Inequality and Social Ties: Evidence from 15 U.S. Data Sets
title_full_unstemmed Inequality and Social Ties: Evidence from 15 U.S. Data Sets
title_short Inequality and Social Ties: Evidence from 15 U.S. Data Sets
title_sort inequality and social ties evidence from 15 u s data sets
topic social ties
inequality
networks
economy
job search
url https://sociologicalscience.com/articles-v12-14-294/
work_keys_str_mv AT cristobalyoung inequalityandsocialtiesevidencefrom15usdatasets
AT benjamincornwell inequalityandsocialtiesevidencefrom15usdatasets
AT barumpark inequalityandsocialtiesevidencefrom15usdatasets
AT nanfeng inequalityandsocialtiesevidencefrom15usdatasets