Progressive multiple sclerosis: Evaluating current therapies and exploring future treatment strategies
Progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) include primary progressive MS (PPMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Unlike relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), progressive MS is recognized by relentless progression with accumulating disability, rare to no relapses nor new activity on MRIs. Clinically,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Neurotherapeutics |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878747925000790 |
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| author | Marelisa Albelo-Martínez Syed Rizvi |
| author_facet | Marelisa Albelo-Martínez Syed Rizvi |
| author_sort | Marelisa Albelo-Martínez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) include primary progressive MS (PPMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Unlike relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), progressive MS is recognized by relentless progression with accumulating disability, rare to no relapses nor new activity on MRIs. Clinically, neurologic worsening in MS can occur in the relapsing-remitting (RRMS) phase of disease due to incomplete recovery from neuroinflammatory relapses. However, a progressive disease course is the dominant factor related to accumulating disability. There is persistent central nervous system (CNS) compartmentalized inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and altered immune responses. Unlike in RRMS, the efficacy of disease modifying agents (DMA) in progressive MS has been limited, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches that address both inflammation and neurodegeneration. This article explores current management of progressive MS, and future directions in targeting the unique pathophysiology of this complex disease. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ecb27472d9254e81be072f0a3e00ef8f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1878-7479 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neurotherapeutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-ecb27472d9254e81be072f0a3e00ef8f2025-08-20T04:01:56ZengElsevierNeurotherapeutics1878-74792025-07-01224e0060110.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00601Progressive multiple sclerosis: Evaluating current therapies and exploring future treatment strategiesMarelisa Albelo-Martínez0Syed Rizvi1Corresponding author.; Department of Neurology, Brown University Health and Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USADepartment of Neurology, Brown University Health and Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, USAProgressive forms of multiple sclerosis (MS) include primary progressive MS (PPMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS). Unlike relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), progressive MS is recognized by relentless progression with accumulating disability, rare to no relapses nor new activity on MRIs. Clinically, neurologic worsening in MS can occur in the relapsing-remitting (RRMS) phase of disease due to incomplete recovery from neuroinflammatory relapses. However, a progressive disease course is the dominant factor related to accumulating disability. There is persistent central nervous system (CNS) compartmentalized inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and altered immune responses. Unlike in RRMS, the efficacy of disease modifying agents (DMA) in progressive MS has been limited, highlighting the need for novel therapeutic approaches that address both inflammation and neurodegeneration. This article explores current management of progressive MS, and future directions in targeting the unique pathophysiology of this complex disease.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878747925000790Progressive multiple sclerosisSecondary progressive multiple sclerosisPrimary progressive multiple sclerosisDisease modifying therapyProgression independent of disease activitySmoldering inflammation |
| spellingShingle | Marelisa Albelo-Martínez Syed Rizvi Progressive multiple sclerosis: Evaluating current therapies and exploring future treatment strategies Neurotherapeutics Progressive multiple sclerosis Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis Primary progressive multiple sclerosis Disease modifying therapy Progression independent of disease activity Smoldering inflammation |
| title | Progressive multiple sclerosis: Evaluating current therapies and exploring future treatment strategies |
| title_full | Progressive multiple sclerosis: Evaluating current therapies and exploring future treatment strategies |
| title_fullStr | Progressive multiple sclerosis: Evaluating current therapies and exploring future treatment strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Progressive multiple sclerosis: Evaluating current therapies and exploring future treatment strategies |
| title_short | Progressive multiple sclerosis: Evaluating current therapies and exploring future treatment strategies |
| title_sort | progressive multiple sclerosis evaluating current therapies and exploring future treatment strategies |
| topic | Progressive multiple sclerosis Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis Primary progressive multiple sclerosis Disease modifying therapy Progression independent of disease activity Smoldering inflammation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878747925000790 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marelisaalbelomartinez progressivemultiplesclerosisevaluatingcurrenttherapiesandexploringfuturetreatmentstrategies AT syedrizvi progressivemultiplesclerosisevaluatingcurrenttherapiesandexploringfuturetreatmentstrategies |