Urine non-contact sensor that evaluates multiple urination using capacitance change to inform when to replace inner diaper

IntroductionUsing the toilet to excrete is important, which is a matter of human dignity. However, incontinent and bedridden elderly people who are unable to go to the toilet use disposable adult diapers. In this study, we developed a diaper sensor system that uses capacitance changes to quantitativ...

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Main Authors: Keisuke Shichitani, Kazuki Nakajima
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Digital Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1569144/full
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author Keisuke Shichitani
Keisuke Shichitani
Kazuki Nakajima
author_facet Keisuke Shichitani
Keisuke Shichitani
Kazuki Nakajima
author_sort Keisuke Shichitani
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionUsing the toilet to excrete is important, which is a matter of human dignity. However, incontinent and bedridden elderly people who are unable to go to the toilet use disposable adult diapers. In this study, we developed a diaper sensor system that uses capacitance changes to quantitatively evaluate the volume of urine absorbed by diapers from different manufacturers and different approximate numbers of absorption (ANA) and to inform caregivers when to replace diapers.MethodsThree experiments, α: comparative verification by urination pattern, β: effect of ANA, and γ: evaluation by each diaper manufacturer, were conducted using a plastic torso filled with saline as a phantom. In addition, examine the actual urination time and urine absorption volume when the human wears a diaper; one volunteer wore inner and outer diapers, and pseudo-urine was infused via a tube.ResultsOverall, the results indicate that the accuracy of urine absorption volume estimation showed that the pattern of multiple infusions followed that of a single infusion.DiscussionThe results confirm that the diaper sensor system is highly versatile and independent of the urination pattern and diaper manufacturer. If the diaper sensor system is put into practical use, it is expected to provide quantitative information on when to replace diapers.
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spelling doaj-art-ecaf85e0819d4e21aa1df515a1652bd62025-08-20T02:29:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Digital Health2673-253X2025-04-01710.3389/fdgth.2025.15691441569144Urine non-contact sensor that evaluates multiple urination using capacitance change to inform when to replace inner diaperKeisuke Shichitani0Keisuke Shichitani1Kazuki Nakajima2Division of Bio-information Engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, JapanElectronics and Device Technology Section, Toyama Industrial Technology Research and Development Center, Toyama, JapanDivision of Bio-information Engineering, Department of Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, JapanIntroductionUsing the toilet to excrete is important, which is a matter of human dignity. However, incontinent and bedridden elderly people who are unable to go to the toilet use disposable adult diapers. In this study, we developed a diaper sensor system that uses capacitance changes to quantitatively evaluate the volume of urine absorbed by diapers from different manufacturers and different approximate numbers of absorption (ANA) and to inform caregivers when to replace diapers.MethodsThree experiments, α: comparative verification by urination pattern, β: effect of ANA, and γ: evaluation by each diaper manufacturer, were conducted using a plastic torso filled with saline as a phantom. In addition, examine the actual urination time and urine absorption volume when the human wears a diaper; one volunteer wore inner and outer diapers, and pseudo-urine was infused via a tube.ResultsOverall, the results indicate that the accuracy of urine absorption volume estimation showed that the pattern of multiple infusions followed that of a single infusion.DiscussionThe results confirm that the diaper sensor system is highly versatile and independent of the urination pattern and diaper manufacturer. If the diaper sensor system is put into practical use, it is expected to provide quantitative information on when to replace diapers.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1569144/fulldiaper sensor systemcapacitanceurination timemultiple urinationurine absorption volume
spellingShingle Keisuke Shichitani
Keisuke Shichitani
Kazuki Nakajima
Urine non-contact sensor that evaluates multiple urination using capacitance change to inform when to replace inner diaper
Frontiers in Digital Health
diaper sensor system
capacitance
urination time
multiple urination
urine absorption volume
title Urine non-contact sensor that evaluates multiple urination using capacitance change to inform when to replace inner diaper
title_full Urine non-contact sensor that evaluates multiple urination using capacitance change to inform when to replace inner diaper
title_fullStr Urine non-contact sensor that evaluates multiple urination using capacitance change to inform when to replace inner diaper
title_full_unstemmed Urine non-contact sensor that evaluates multiple urination using capacitance change to inform when to replace inner diaper
title_short Urine non-contact sensor that evaluates multiple urination using capacitance change to inform when to replace inner diaper
title_sort urine non contact sensor that evaluates multiple urination using capacitance change to inform when to replace inner diaper
topic diaper sensor system
capacitance
urination time
multiple urination
urine absorption volume
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fdgth.2025.1569144/full
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AT keisukeshichitani urinenoncontactsensorthatevaluatesmultipleurinationusingcapacitancechangetoinformwhentoreplaceinnerdiaper
AT kazukinakajima urinenoncontactsensorthatevaluatesmultipleurinationusingcapacitancechangetoinformwhentoreplaceinnerdiaper