Enhancement of Hypoxia Tolerance of Gibel Carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>) via a Ferroporphyrin-Rich Diet

Gibel carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>) were hypoxia stressed for 12 h after an 8-week FPR nutrient-enriched feeding experiment, which was to evaluate the role of FPR in hypoxic stress in gibel carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>). The dissolved oxygen was reduced to...

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Main Authors: Hualiang Liang, Haifeng Mi, Kai Wang, Mingchun Ren, Lu Zhang, Dongyu Huang, Jiaze Gu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/738
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author Hualiang Liang
Haifeng Mi
Kai Wang
Mingchun Ren
Lu Zhang
Dongyu Huang
Jiaze Gu
author_facet Hualiang Liang
Haifeng Mi
Kai Wang
Mingchun Ren
Lu Zhang
Dongyu Huang
Jiaze Gu
author_sort Hualiang Liang
collection DOAJ
description Gibel carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>) were hypoxia stressed for 12 h after an 8-week FPR nutrient-enriched feeding experiment, which was to evaluate the role of FPR in hypoxic stress in gibel carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>). The dissolved oxygen was reduced to a range of 0.6 ± 0.2 mg/L. Results showed that FPR supplementation could maintain the osmotic pressure equilibrium by improving the ion concentrations of plasma including Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup>, and Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity of liver. FPR supplementation could effectively enhance the antioxidant capacity by improving the levels of GPX, SOD, CAT, and GSH, and reduce the level of MDA. FPR supplementation could improve the core gene expressions of Nrf2 signalling pathway including <i>nrf2</i>, <i>sod</i>, <i>ho-1</i>, <i>gpx,</i> and <i>cat</i>. The high levels of FPR supplementation (0.04%) might had a negative effect on immunity. FPR supplementation could improve the expression levels of HIF-1 signalling pathway-related genes to adapt to hypoxia condition including <i>hif-1α</i>, <i>epo</i>, <i>angpt1</i>, <i>vegf</i>, <i>et1</i>, and <i>tfr-1</i>. These results also were supported by higher SR and number of gill mitochondria in FPR supplementation. In general, the appropriate FPR supplementation was 0.01% based on the results of this study and economic cost, which could heighten hypoxic adaptation and SR.
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spelling doaj-art-ec9c64b2e9f24726a4b8f4b0f32c9d232025-08-20T03:32:28ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212025-06-0114673810.3390/antiox14060738Enhancement of Hypoxia Tolerance of Gibel Carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>) via a Ferroporphyrin-Rich DietHualiang Liang0Haifeng Mi1Kai Wang2Mingchun Ren3Lu Zhang4Dongyu Huang5Jiaze Gu6Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, ChinaHealthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., 588 Tianfu Avenue, Chengdu 610093, ChinaCollege of Fisheries and Life of Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, ChinaHealthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., 588 Tianfu Avenue, Chengdu 610093, ChinaKey Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, ChinaWuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, ChinaGibel carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>) were hypoxia stressed for 12 h after an 8-week FPR nutrient-enriched feeding experiment, which was to evaluate the role of FPR in hypoxic stress in gibel carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>). The dissolved oxygen was reduced to a range of 0.6 ± 0.2 mg/L. Results showed that FPR supplementation could maintain the osmotic pressure equilibrium by improving the ion concentrations of plasma including Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup>, and Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase activity of liver. FPR supplementation could effectively enhance the antioxidant capacity by improving the levels of GPX, SOD, CAT, and GSH, and reduce the level of MDA. FPR supplementation could improve the core gene expressions of Nrf2 signalling pathway including <i>nrf2</i>, <i>sod</i>, <i>ho-1</i>, <i>gpx,</i> and <i>cat</i>. The high levels of FPR supplementation (0.04%) might had a negative effect on immunity. FPR supplementation could improve the expression levels of HIF-1 signalling pathway-related genes to adapt to hypoxia condition including <i>hif-1α</i>, <i>epo</i>, <i>angpt1</i>, <i>vegf</i>, <i>et1</i>, and <i>tfr-1</i>. These results also were supported by higher SR and number of gill mitochondria in FPR supplementation. In general, the appropriate FPR supplementation was 0.01% based on the results of this study and economic cost, which could heighten hypoxic adaptation and SR.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/738gibel carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>)ferroporphyrinhypoxia stressmetabolismoxygen transportantioxidant capacity
spellingShingle Hualiang Liang
Haifeng Mi
Kai Wang
Mingchun Ren
Lu Zhang
Dongyu Huang
Jiaze Gu
Enhancement of Hypoxia Tolerance of Gibel Carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>) via a Ferroporphyrin-Rich Diet
Antioxidants
gibel carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>)
ferroporphyrin
hypoxia stress
metabolism
oxygen transport
antioxidant capacity
title Enhancement of Hypoxia Tolerance of Gibel Carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>) via a Ferroporphyrin-Rich Diet
title_full Enhancement of Hypoxia Tolerance of Gibel Carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>) via a Ferroporphyrin-Rich Diet
title_fullStr Enhancement of Hypoxia Tolerance of Gibel Carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>) via a Ferroporphyrin-Rich Diet
title_full_unstemmed Enhancement of Hypoxia Tolerance of Gibel Carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>) via a Ferroporphyrin-Rich Diet
title_short Enhancement of Hypoxia Tolerance of Gibel Carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>) via a Ferroporphyrin-Rich Diet
title_sort enhancement of hypoxia tolerance of gibel carp i carassius auratus gibelio i via a ferroporphyrin rich diet
topic gibel carp (<i>Carassius auratus gibelio</i>)
ferroporphyrin
hypoxia stress
metabolism
oxygen transport
antioxidant capacity
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/6/738
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