Neonatal stroke: Clinical characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcomes

Background: Neonatal stroke can potentially result in significant neurological sequelae in affected infants. Studies on neurodevelopmental outcomes and the need for rehabilitation therapies in the first two years are limited. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, diagnostic evaluation,...

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Main Authors: Marwa M. Elgendy, Subhash Puthuraya, Carmela LoPiccolo, Wei Liu, Hany Aly, Sreenivas Karnati
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2022-01-01
Series:Pediatrics and Neonatology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875957221001601
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author Marwa M. Elgendy
Subhash Puthuraya
Carmela LoPiccolo
Wei Liu
Hany Aly
Sreenivas Karnati
author_facet Marwa M. Elgendy
Subhash Puthuraya
Carmela LoPiccolo
Wei Liu
Hany Aly
Sreenivas Karnati
author_sort Marwa M. Elgendy
collection DOAJ
description Background: Neonatal stroke can potentially result in significant neurological sequelae in affected infants. Studies on neurodevelopmental outcomes and the need for rehabilitation therapies in the first two years are limited. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, diagnostic evaluation, and neurodevelopmental outcomes of a cohort of infants with neonatal stroke. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of infants with neonatal stroke, from 2011 to 2020. Maternal and infant characteristics were described. Placental pathology, echocardiogram results, and prothrombotic evaluations were reported. The neurodevelopmental outcomes using Bayley scale of infant development (BSID III), rates of epilepsy and cerebral palsy, and the need for rehabilitation therapies at two years were described. Results: During the study period, 55 infants had neonatal stroke. Majority (93%) were term or late preterm infants. Maternal chorioamnionitis and perinatal HIE were diagnosed in about a third of the infants. Most (66%) of the infants presented with seizures. On brain MRI, the lesions were unilateral in 76% and arterial in origin in 86% of the infants. Meconium exposure (42%), intrauterine inflammation/infection (37%) and fetal vascular malperfusion (16%) were seen on placental histopathology. At two-year BSID III assessment, median (min, max) composite cognitive, language, and motor scores were 100 (55–145), 97 (47–124), and 100 (46–141), respectively. Among this cohort, epilepsy (27%), cerebral palsy (16%) and the need for rehabilitation therapies (physical −24%, occupational −18%, speech −21%) were reported at two years. Conclusion: Neonatal stroke presented commonly in term or late preterm infants with seizures. It was unilateral and arterial in origin in most infants. Maternal chorioamnionitis and perinatal HIE were the most commonly associated conditions at birth. About one-fifth of the infants had mild or severe developmental delays at two years. Epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and need for rehabilitation therapies were noted in a significant proportion of infants at two years.
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spelling doaj-art-ec9a4800de2048a3852f7478dd9e4d0b2025-08-20T02:15:37ZengElsevierPediatrics and Neonatology1875-95722022-01-01631414710.1016/j.pedneo.2021.06.017Neonatal stroke: Clinical characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcomesMarwa M. Elgendy0Subhash Puthuraya1Carmela LoPiccolo2Wei Liu3Hany Aly4Sreenivas Karnati5Department of Neonatology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, USADepartment of Neonatology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, USADepartment of Neonatology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, USADepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OHio, USADepartment of Neonatology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, USADepartment of Neonatology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, OH, USA; Corresponding author. 9500 Euclid Avenue, M31-37 Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.Background: Neonatal stroke can potentially result in significant neurological sequelae in affected infants. Studies on neurodevelopmental outcomes and the need for rehabilitation therapies in the first two years are limited. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, diagnostic evaluation, and neurodevelopmental outcomes of a cohort of infants with neonatal stroke. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of infants with neonatal stroke, from 2011 to 2020. Maternal and infant characteristics were described. Placental pathology, echocardiogram results, and prothrombotic evaluations were reported. The neurodevelopmental outcomes using Bayley scale of infant development (BSID III), rates of epilepsy and cerebral palsy, and the need for rehabilitation therapies at two years were described. Results: During the study period, 55 infants had neonatal stroke. Majority (93%) were term or late preterm infants. Maternal chorioamnionitis and perinatal HIE were diagnosed in about a third of the infants. Most (66%) of the infants presented with seizures. On brain MRI, the lesions were unilateral in 76% and arterial in origin in 86% of the infants. Meconium exposure (42%), intrauterine inflammation/infection (37%) and fetal vascular malperfusion (16%) were seen on placental histopathology. At two-year BSID III assessment, median (min, max) composite cognitive, language, and motor scores were 100 (55–145), 97 (47–124), and 100 (46–141), respectively. Among this cohort, epilepsy (27%), cerebral palsy (16%) and the need for rehabilitation therapies (physical −24%, occupational −18%, speech −21%) were reported at two years. Conclusion: Neonatal stroke presented commonly in term or late preterm infants with seizures. It was unilateral and arterial in origin in most infants. Maternal chorioamnionitis and perinatal HIE were the most commonly associated conditions at birth. About one-fifth of the infants had mild or severe developmental delays at two years. Epilepsy, cerebral palsy, and need for rehabilitation therapies were noted in a significant proportion of infants at two years.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875957221001601BSID IIIperinatal strokeplacental pathologyrehabilitation therapiesrisk factors
spellingShingle Marwa M. Elgendy
Subhash Puthuraya
Carmela LoPiccolo
Wei Liu
Hany Aly
Sreenivas Karnati
Neonatal stroke: Clinical characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcomes
Pediatrics and Neonatology
BSID III
perinatal stroke
placental pathology
rehabilitation therapies
risk factors
title Neonatal stroke: Clinical characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcomes
title_full Neonatal stroke: Clinical characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcomes
title_fullStr Neonatal stroke: Clinical characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcomes
title_full_unstemmed Neonatal stroke: Clinical characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcomes
title_short Neonatal stroke: Clinical characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcomes
title_sort neonatal stroke clinical characteristics and neurodevelopmental outcomes
topic BSID III
perinatal stroke
placental pathology
rehabilitation therapies
risk factors
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875957221001601
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AT carmelalopiccolo neonatalstrokeclinicalcharacteristicsandneurodevelopmentaloutcomes
AT weiliu neonatalstrokeclinicalcharacteristicsandneurodevelopmentaloutcomes
AT hanyaly neonatalstrokeclinicalcharacteristicsandneurodevelopmentaloutcomes
AT sreenivaskarnati neonatalstrokeclinicalcharacteristicsandneurodevelopmentaloutcomes