Wearable peripheral nerve stimulator reduces essential tremor symptoms through targeted brain modulation

Background: Essential tremor (ET), the most common movement disorder in adults, presents with involuntary shaking of the upper extremities during postural hold and kinetic tasks linked to dysfunction in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical network. Recently, transcutaneous afferent patterned stimulation (...

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Main Authors: Cuong P. Luu, Jordan Ranum, Youngwon Youn, Jennifer L. Perrault, Bryan M. Krause, Matthew I. Banks, Laura Buyan-Dent, Kip A. Ludwig, Wendell B. Lake, Aaron J. Suminski
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Brain Stimulation
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X25002554
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author Cuong P. Luu
Jordan Ranum
Youngwon Youn
Jennifer L. Perrault
Bryan M. Krause
Matthew I. Banks
Laura Buyan-Dent
Kip A. Ludwig
Wendell B. Lake
Aaron J. Suminski
author_facet Cuong P. Luu
Jordan Ranum
Youngwon Youn
Jennifer L. Perrault
Bryan M. Krause
Matthew I. Banks
Laura Buyan-Dent
Kip A. Ludwig
Wendell B. Lake
Aaron J. Suminski
author_sort Cuong P. Luu
collection DOAJ
description Background: Essential tremor (ET), the most common movement disorder in adults, presents with involuntary shaking of the upper extremities during postural hold and kinetic tasks linked to dysfunction in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical network. Recently, transcutaneous afferent patterned stimulation (TAPS), applied through a wrist-worn device, has emerged as a non-invasive treatment for medication-refractory ET. However, its mechanism remains unclear. Objective: We hypothesize that TAPS reduces tremors through modulation of the VIM thalamus in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical network. Methods: Employing refractory pure ET patients seeking VIM deep brain stimulation (DBS), we quantified clinical tremor improvement following TAPS treatment in a pre-operative setting, followed by intra-operative microelectrode recording of the contralateral thalamus with concurrent TAPS treatment on and off. Results: After one preoperative session, TAPS significantly reduces upper limb tremor average (0.61, p = 0.002), with an asymmetric effect favoring the treated limb (p = 0.047) and the greatest improvement tending to kinetic tremor (R2 = 0.943, p = 0.002). The magnitude of TAPS-related tremor reduction demonstrates a positive correlation with the modulation of alpha (R2 = 0.213, p < 0.001) and beta band LFPs (R2 = 0.255, p < 0.001) in the VIM. TAPS also suppressed spiking activity in the VIM (R2 = 0.104, p = 0.029), though it was uncorrelated with the degree of tremor reduction. Of note, TAPS-related modulation of LFPs and spiking activity was greatest near the optimal placement location for the DBS lead in treating ET (R2 = 0.122, p = 0.006). Conclusion: In sum, TAPS likely reduces tremor in ET by modulating the VIM and connected nodes in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway.
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spelling doaj-art-ec91b25e9fac48d8bffb08a638bf8a7b2025-08-20T03:40:45ZengElsevierBrain Stimulation1935-861X2025-07-011841162117310.1016/j.brs.2025.06.004Wearable peripheral nerve stimulator reduces essential tremor symptoms through targeted brain modulationCuong P. Luu0Jordan Ranum1Youngwon Youn2Jennifer L. Perrault3Bryan M. Krause4Matthew I. Banks5Laura Buyan-Dent6Kip A. Ludwig7Wendell B. Lake8Aaron J. Suminski9Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USAWisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USADepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USAWisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USADepartment of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USADepartment of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USADepartment of Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USADepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USADepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USADepartment of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Wisconsin Institute for Translational Neuroengineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Corresponding author. 1111 Highland Ave, Rm. 3555, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.Background: Essential tremor (ET), the most common movement disorder in adults, presents with involuntary shaking of the upper extremities during postural hold and kinetic tasks linked to dysfunction in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical network. Recently, transcutaneous afferent patterned stimulation (TAPS), applied through a wrist-worn device, has emerged as a non-invasive treatment for medication-refractory ET. However, its mechanism remains unclear. Objective: We hypothesize that TAPS reduces tremors through modulation of the VIM thalamus in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical network. Methods: Employing refractory pure ET patients seeking VIM deep brain stimulation (DBS), we quantified clinical tremor improvement following TAPS treatment in a pre-operative setting, followed by intra-operative microelectrode recording of the contralateral thalamus with concurrent TAPS treatment on and off. Results: After one preoperative session, TAPS significantly reduces upper limb tremor average (0.61, p = 0.002), with an asymmetric effect favoring the treated limb (p = 0.047) and the greatest improvement tending to kinetic tremor (R2 = 0.943, p = 0.002). The magnitude of TAPS-related tremor reduction demonstrates a positive correlation with the modulation of alpha (R2 = 0.213, p < 0.001) and beta band LFPs (R2 = 0.255, p < 0.001) in the VIM. TAPS also suppressed spiking activity in the VIM (R2 = 0.104, p = 0.029), though it was uncorrelated with the degree of tremor reduction. Of note, TAPS-related modulation of LFPs and spiking activity was greatest near the optimal placement location for the DBS lead in treating ET (R2 = 0.122, p = 0.006). Conclusion: In sum, TAPS likely reduces tremor in ET by modulating the VIM and connected nodes in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X25002554TAPSTranscutaneous afferent patterned stimulationHumanNon-invasiveNeuromodulationVIM
spellingShingle Cuong P. Luu
Jordan Ranum
Youngwon Youn
Jennifer L. Perrault
Bryan M. Krause
Matthew I. Banks
Laura Buyan-Dent
Kip A. Ludwig
Wendell B. Lake
Aaron J. Suminski
Wearable peripheral nerve stimulator reduces essential tremor symptoms through targeted brain modulation
Brain Stimulation
TAPS
Transcutaneous afferent patterned stimulation
Human
Non-invasive
Neuromodulation
VIM
title Wearable peripheral nerve stimulator reduces essential tremor symptoms through targeted brain modulation
title_full Wearable peripheral nerve stimulator reduces essential tremor symptoms through targeted brain modulation
title_fullStr Wearable peripheral nerve stimulator reduces essential tremor symptoms through targeted brain modulation
title_full_unstemmed Wearable peripheral nerve stimulator reduces essential tremor symptoms through targeted brain modulation
title_short Wearable peripheral nerve stimulator reduces essential tremor symptoms through targeted brain modulation
title_sort wearable peripheral nerve stimulator reduces essential tremor symptoms through targeted brain modulation
topic TAPS
Transcutaneous afferent patterned stimulation
Human
Non-invasive
Neuromodulation
VIM
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X25002554
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